{"id":90103,"date":"2020-04-30T06:31:53","date_gmt":"2020-04-30T06:31:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/raed.academy\/?p=90103"},"modified":"2020-05-02T08:10:33","modified_gmt":"2020-05-02T08:10:33","slug":"animals-i-coronavirus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/raed.academy\/ca\/animals-i-coronavirus\/","title":{"rendered":"Animals i coronavirus"},"content":{"rendered":"

Maria \u00c0ngels Calvo<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Catedr\u00e0tica de la Facultat de Veterin\u00e0ria de la Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona; a<\/em>cad\u00e8mica de n\u00famero de la Reial Acad\u00e8mia de Medicina de Catalunya,<\/em> de la Reial Acad\u00e8mia de Farm\u00e0cia de Catalunya, <\/em>de l’Acad\u00e8mia de Ci\u00e8ncies Veterin\u00e0ries de Catalunya, de la<\/em> Reial Acad\u00e8mia de Doctors d’Espanya i <\/em>de la Reial Acad\u00e8mia Europea de Doctors-Barcelona 1914 (RAED).<\/em><\/p>\n

Intervenci\u00f3 de Maria \u00c0ngels Calvo a la sessi\u00f3 cient\u00edfica organitzada el passat 23 d’abril per la Acad\u00e8mia Iberoamericana de Farm\u00e0cia i l’Acad\u00e8mia Nacional de Farm\u00e0cia i Bioqu\u00edmica de l’Argentina i celebrada per videoconfer\u00e8ncia<\/em><\/p>\n

Els animals, agents reservoris i de transmissi\u00f3<\/h3>\n

L’evid\u00e8ncia actual suggereix que el virus SARS-CoV-2 va sorgir d’una font animal i s’estan realitzant investigacions per trobar aquesta font (incloses les esp\u00e8cies involucrades) i establir el paper potencial d’un reservori animal en aquesta malaltia. Tot i aix\u00ed, fins ara no hi ha prou evid\u00e8ncia cient\u00edfica per identificar la font o explicar la ruta original de transmissi\u00f3 d’un animal a l’home, si b\u00e9 es cita amb insist\u00e8ncia la possibilitat que el pangol\u00ed hagi exercit un paper crucial en aquest proc\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

\"\"Les dades aportades sobre la seq\u00fc\u00e8ncia gen\u00e8tica revelen que el virus SARS-CoV-2 est\u00e0 molt relacionat amb altres coronavirus que circulen en les poblacions de ratpenats Rhinolophus i tamb\u00e9 s’avalua la possibilitat que la transmissi\u00f3 a humans involucri un hoste intermediari. Els primers casos, semblaven estar relacionats amb un mercat de marisc, peix i animals vius, per\u00f2 posteriorment, s’han registrat nombrosos casos sense relaci\u00f3 amb aquest tipus d’establiments i que evidencien la capacitat de transmissi\u00f3 humana.<\/p>\n

La pand\u00e8mia desencadenada pel virus SARS-CoV-2 planteja la possibilitat que alguns animals s’infectin a trav\u00e9s del seu contacte proper amb humans infectats. Fins a la data no hi ha evid\u00e8ncia que els animals de companyia propaguin la malaltia. Per tant, no hi ha justificaci\u00f3 per prendre mesures contra els animals de companyia que puguin comprometre el seu benestar.<\/p>\n

Els Serveis Veterinaris de la Regi\u00f3 Administrativa Especial de Hong Kong<\/strong> de la Rep\u00fablica Popular de la Xina van informar a l’Organitzaci\u00f3 Mundial de Sanitat Animal<\/strong> (OIE<\/strong>) que dos gossos van ser infectats amb el virus SARS-CoV-2, despr\u00e9s de la seva exposici\u00f3 propera als seus propietaris, diagnosticats de Covid-19. La prova, realitzada per PCR en temps real, va mostrar la pres\u00e8ncia de material gen\u00e8tic de virus SARS-CoV-2. No s’ha pogut determinar si les proves positives es devien a la pres\u00e8ncia de part\u00edcules virals intactes (infeccioses) o fragments d’ARN (no transmeten la malaltia) o si el gos presentava part\u00edcules v\u00edriques per contacte amb el pacient com podria tenir-les qualsevol tipus d’objecte.<\/p>\n

Un altre cas, en animals dom\u00e8stics, s’ha donat a con\u00e8ixer a B\u00e8lgica on un pacient infectat per coronavirus ho va transmetre al seu gat. Tamb\u00e9 s’han detectat i confirmat casos en animals d’un zool\u00f2gic de Bronx, que van ser infectats a partir d’un cuidador que era asimptom\u00e0tic. Les autoritats sanit\u00e0ries insisteixen que es tracta de casos a\u00efllats, que no s\u00f3n la norma. No hi ha, per tant, evid\u00e8ncies que els gossos i gats juguin un paper en la propagaci\u00f3 d’aquesta malaltia humana.<\/p>\n

A causa que els animals i les persones poden compartir malalties, a les que anomenem zoon\u00f2tiques, es recomana que les persones infectades amb SARS-CoV-2 limitin el contacte amb animals de companyia i altres animals fins que es conegui m\u00e9s informaci\u00f3 sobre el virus. S’aconsella que en la mesura del possible sigui una altra persona qui s’encarregui d’ells. Si han de tenir cura de la seva mascota, han de mantenir estrictes condicions d’higiene i fer servir mascareta.<\/p>\n

Si b\u00e9 no hi ha evid\u00e8ncia que una infecci\u00f3 per SARS-CoV-2 es propagui d’un animal a un altre, mantenir els animals que donen positiu per SARS-CoV-2 lluny dels animals no exposats \u00e9s la millor pr\u00e0ctica. En induir la infecci\u00f3 per SARS-CoV-2 en diverses esp\u00e8cies, mitjan\u00e7ant la inoculaci\u00f3 d’una dosi viral alta es va evidenciar en gats i fures, no aix\u00ed en gossos, aus, porcs, cavalls, entre altres animals. Aquests resultat permetran comprendre la gamma d’hostes del nou coronavirus i la seva patog\u00e8nesi i col\u00b7laborar a desenvolupar models animals per a estudis del tractament i prevenci\u00f3 a partir d’assajos de f\u00e0rmacs i vacunes.<\/p>\n

En relaci\u00f3 amb els aliments, podem indicar que l’Ag\u00e8ncia Europea de Seguretat Aliment\u00e0ria<\/strong> (EFSA<\/strong>) est\u00e0 fent un seguiment de la situaci\u00f3 en relaci\u00f3 amb el brot de la malaltia del coronavirus (Covid-19) que est\u00e0 afectant un gran nombre de pa\u00efsos de tot el m\u00f3n. En l’actualitat no hi ha proves que els aliments puguin ser una font o una via de transmissi\u00f3 probable de virus. Les experi\u00e8ncies d’anteriors brots de coronavirus afins, com el coronavirus causant de la s\u00edndrome respirat\u00f2ria aguda greu (SARS-CoV) o el coronavirus causant de la s\u00edndrome respirat\u00f2ria de l’Orient Mitj\u00e0 (MERS-CoV), indiquen que no es va produir transmissi\u00f3 a trav\u00e9s del consum d’aliments. Actualment no hi ha proves que suggereixin que l’actual coronavirus sigui diferent en aquest sentit.<\/p>\n

En relaci\u00f3 amb la seguretat dels aliments, l’Organitzaci\u00f3 Mundial de la Salut<\/strong> (OMS<\/strong>) ha publicat recomanacions per a la prevenci\u00f3, que tamb\u00e9 inclouen assessorament sobre el manteniment de bones pr\u00e0ctiques higi\u00e8niques durant la preparaci\u00f3 i la manipulaci\u00f3 dels aliments, entre les quals destaquen rentar-se les mans, cuinar b\u00e9 la carn i evitar la possible contaminaci\u00f3 creuada entre aliments cuinats i no cuinats. Tot i que \u00e9s improbable que aquest virus es transmeti a trav\u00e9s d’aliments, el rentat regular de mans i les regles d’higiene per a la preparaci\u00f3 d’aliments s’han d’observar estrictament en manipular-los. Aquests coronavirus s\u00f3n sensibles a la calor, de manera que el risc d’infecci\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 es pot reduir per cocci\u00f3 dels aliments.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tot i que encara hi ha molta incertesa sobre l’origen de virus SARS-CoV-2, d’acord amb les recomanacions de l’OMS, com a precauci\u00f3 general, en visitar mercats d’animals vius i mercats de productes d’origen animal s’han d’aplicar mesures generals d’higiene, aix\u00ed com evitar tocar-se els ulls, el nas o la boca i evitar el contacte amb animals malalts o productes d’animals en mal estat. S’han de prendre precaucions per evitar el contacte amb les deixalles o fluids animals de terra o les superf\u00edcies de botigues i instal\u00b7lacions de mercat.<\/p>\n

Segons les bones pr\u00e0ctiques generals de seguretat aliment\u00e0ria, la carn crua, la llet o els \u00f2rgans dels animals s’han de manipular amb cura per evitar la possible contaminaci\u00f3 creuada amb aliments crus. La carn de bestiar sa que es prepara i serveix d’acord amb els principis de bona higiene i seguretat aliment\u00e0ria segueixen sent correctes per a ser consumits. Segons la informaci\u00f3 actualment disponible no es recomanen restriccions comercials d’animals ni de productes d’origen animal.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Maria \u00c0ngels Calvo Catedr\u00e0tica de la Facultat de Veterin\u00e0ria de la Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona; acad\u00e8mica de n\u00famero de la Reial Acad\u00e8mia de Medicina de Catalunya, de la Reial Acad\u00e8mia de Farm\u00e0cia de Catalunya, de l’Acad\u00e8mia de Ci\u00e8ncies Veterin\u00e0ries de Catalunya, de la Reial Acad\u00e8mia de Doctors d’Espanya i de la Reial Acad\u00e8mia Europea de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":90047,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[268,273],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-90103","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-coronavirus-des-del-coneixement","category-salut","et-has-post-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"yoast_head":"\nAnimals i coronavirus - Reial Acad\u00e8mia Europea de Doctors<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00bfEls animals de companyia propaguen la COVID-19?S\u00f3n els aliments una font o una via de transmissi\u00f3 de virus?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/raed.academy\/ca\/animals-i-coronavirus\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Animals i coronavirus - 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