{"id":70711,"date":"2019-04-17T12:30:18","date_gmt":"2019-04-17T12:30:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/raed.academy\/?p=70711"},"modified":"2019-04-19T10:43:00","modified_gmt":"2019-04-19T10:43:00","slug":"bruixes-o-drogodependents","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/raed.academy\/ca\/bruixes-o-drogodependents\/","title":{"rendered":"Bruixes o drogodependents?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Vuelo

Vuelo de brujas de Francisco de Goya<\/p><\/div>\n

Francisco L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz<\/strong><\/a>, professor de Farmacologia i director de l’Escola Internacional de Doctorat<\/strong> de la Universitat Camilo Jos\u00e9 Cela<\/strong><\/a> i acad\u00e8mic de n\u00famero de la Reial Acad\u00e8mia Europea de Doctors-Barcelona 1914<\/strong> (RAED), ha publicat amb Francisco P\u00e9rez Fern\u00e1ndez<\/strong>, professor de Psicologia Criminal, Antropologia i Sociologia Criminal de la Universitat Camilo Jos\u00e9 Cela l’estudi “Las brujas y sus calderos: \u00bfadoradoras del diablo o drogodependientes?”<\/strong>. L’article ha aparegut en prim\u00edcia a l’edici\u00f3 en espanyol del portal especialitzat “The Conversation”<\/strong><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Capricho

Capricho n\u00ba 68, Francisco Goya y Lucientes<\/p><\/div>\n

“Els estereotips medievals sobre les bruixes les van convertir en una figura amb una forta arrel folkl\u00f2rica que va poblar les llegendes locals a tot Europa, gaireb\u00e9 sempre des d’una \u00f2ptica negativa, saturada de t\u00f2pics i escassament realista -comencen els autors el seu estudi-. Entre aquests t\u00f2pics cal esmentar la signatura de pactes diab\u00f2lics amb marca corporal (stigmata diaboli); l’assist\u00e8ncia peri\u00f2dica a aquelarres per reverenciar al diable, en forma de boc i celebrar en comunitat, mitjan\u00e7ant balls, banquets i orgies sexuals, la capacitat d’assistir als convent\u00edculos volant sobre escombres o b\u00f3tes, metamorfosades en animals o lloms de b\u00e8sties, la pr\u00e0ctica de l’antropofagia, sobretot de nens… “.<\/span><\/p>\n

No obstant aix\u00f2, L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz i P\u00e9rez Fern\u00e1ndez revelen que el que s’amagava darrere de tots aquests ritus i els aportava un sentit m\u00e0gic no s\u00f3n altra cosa que les subst\u00e0ncies psicotr\u00f2piques que es feien servir als seus rituals, la majoria de f\u00e0cil abast gr\u00e0cies a plantes comunes. “Entre les herbes que s’empraven en els cuits d’algunes d’aquelles considerades bruixes destaquen les plantes de la fam\u00edlia de les solan\u00e0cies, dotades de propietats psicotr\u00f2piques i al\u00b7lucin\u00f2genes, com el jusquiam, la belladona, la mandr\u00e0gora o l’estramoni, a m\u00e9s d’altres esp\u00e8cies, com la revetlla o l’opi”.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aquestes untures s’aplicaven, entre d’altres parts, a la regi\u00f3 genital i els seus efectes eren gaireb\u00e9 immediats, en absorbir-se r\u00e0pidament els principis actius al\u00b7lucin\u00f2gens a trav\u00e9s de la mucosa vaginal, ocasionant al\u00b7lucinacions en estat de vig\u00edlia (sensaci\u00f3 de transport aeri, fantasies sexuals…). A continuaci\u00f3, sobrevenia un profund somni que en despertar es confonia amb la realitat, expliquen els autors. Entre els efectes del jusquiam es troba el d’induir, gr\u00e0cies a la seva riquesa en alcaloides, com hiosciamina i escopolamina, una estranya sensaci\u00f3 de lleugeresa i d’ingravidesa, que pot explicar la v\u00edvida certesa d’estar volant.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"S\u00e1bado

S\u00e1bado de brujas en el monte Brocken Michael Herr<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Francisco L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz, professor de Farmacologia i director de l’Escola Internacional de Doctorat de la Universitat Camilo Jos\u00e9 Cela i acad\u00e8mic de n\u00famero de la Reial Acad\u00e8mia Europea de Doctors-Barcelona 1914 (RAED), ha publicat amb Francisco P\u00e9rez Fern\u00e1ndez, professor de Psicologia Criminal, Antropologia i Sociologia Criminal de la Universitat Camilo Jos\u00e9 Cela l’estudi “Las brujas […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":70643,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"off","_et_pb_old_content":"

Francisco L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz<\/strong><\/a>, profesor de Farmacolog\u00eda y director de la Escuela Internacional de Doctorado<\/strong> de la Universidad Camilo Jos\u00e9 Cela<\/strong><\/a> y acad\u00e9mico de n\u00famero de la Real Academia Europea de Doctores-Barcelona 1914<\/strong> (RAED), ha publicado junto a Francisco P\u00e9rez Fern\u00e1ndez<\/strong>, profesor de Psicolog\u00eda Criminal, Antropolog\u00eda y Sociolog\u00eda Criminal de la Universidad Camilo Jos\u00e9 Cela el estudio \"Las brujas y sus calderos: \u00bfadoradoras del diablo o drogodependientes?\"<\/strong>. El art\u00edculo ha aparecido en primicia en la edici\u00f3n en espa\u00f1ol del portal especializado \"The Conversation\"<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>

\"Los estereotipos medievales sobre las brujas las convirtieron en una figura con una fuerte ra\u00edz folcl\u00f3rica que pobl\u00f3 las leyendas locales en toda Europa, casi siempre desde una \u00f3ptica negativa, saturada de t\u00f3picos y escasamente realista -comienzan los autores su estudio-. Entre estos t\u00f3picos cabe mencionar la firma de pactos diab\u00f3licos con marca corporal (stigmata diaboli); la asistencia peri\u00f3dica a aquelarres para reverenciar al diablo, en forma de macho cabr\u00edo y festejar en comunidad, mediante bailes, banquetes y org\u00edas sexuales; la capacidad de asistir a los convent\u00edculos volando sobre escobas o toneles, metamorfoseadas en animales o a lomos de bestias; la pr\u00e1ctica de la antropofagia, sobre todo de ni\u00f1os...\".<\/p>

Sin embargo, L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz y P\u00e9rez Fern\u00e1ndez revelan que lo que se escond\u00eda detr\u00e1s de todos estos ritos y les aportaba un sentido m\u00e1gico no son otra cosa que las sustancias psicotr\u00f3picas que se utilizaban en sus rituales, la mayor\u00eda de f\u00e1cil alcance gracias a plantas comunes. \"Entre las hierbas que se empleaban en los cocidos de algunas de aquellas consideradas brujas destacan las plantas de la familia de las solan\u00e1ceas, dotadas de propiedades psicotr\u00f3picas y alucin\u00f3genas, como el bele\u00f1o, la belladona, la mandr\u00e1gora, el estramonio y el el\u00e9boro, adem\u00e1s de otras especies, como la verbena o el opio\".<\/p>

Estas unturas se aplicaban, entre otras partes, en la regi\u00f3n genital y sus efectos eran casi inmediatos, al absorberse r\u00e1pidamente los principios activos alucin\u00f3genos a trav\u00e9s de la mucosa vaginal, ocasionando alucinaciones en estado de vigilia (sensaci\u00f3n de transporte a\u00e9reo, fantas\u00edas sexuales...). A continuaci\u00f3n, sobreven\u00eda un profundo sue\u00f1o, en el cual lo so\u00f1ado, al despertar, se confund\u00eda con la realidad, explican los autores. Entre los efectos del bele\u00f1o se encuentra el de inducir, gracias a su riqueza en alcaloides, como hiosciamina y escopolamina, una extra\u00f1a sensaci\u00f3n de ligereza y de ingravidez, que puede explicar la v\u00edvida certeza de estar volando.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[242],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-70711","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-categ-historia","et-has-post-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"yoast_head":"\nBruixes o drogodependents? - Reial Acad\u00e8mia Europea de Doctors<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/raed.academy\/ca\/bruixes-o-drogodependents\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bruixes o drogodependents? - Reial Acad\u00e8mia Europea de Doctors\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Francisco L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz, professor de Farmacologia i director de l’Escola Internacional de Doctorat de la Universitat Camilo Jos\u00e9 Cela i acad\u00e8mic de n\u00famero de la Reial Acad\u00e8mia Europea de Doctors-Barcelona 1914 (RAED), ha publicat amb Francisco P\u00e9rez Fern\u00e1ndez, professor de Psicologia Criminal, Antropologia i Sociologia Criminal de la Universitat Camilo Jos\u00e9 Cela l’estudi “Las brujas […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/raed.academy\/ca\/bruixes-o-drogodependents\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Reial Acad\u00e8mia Europea de Doctors\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"http:\/\/fb.me\/raed.academy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-04-17T12:30:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-04-19T10:43:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/raed.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/S\u00e1bado-de-brujas-en-el-monte-Brocken-Michael-Herr-dstNtc.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"380\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"RAED\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@raedacademy\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@raedacademy\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"RAED\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/raed.academy\\\/ca\\\/bruixes-o-drogodependents\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/raed.academy\\\/ca\\\/bruixes-o-drogodependents\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"RAED\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/raed.academy\\\/ca\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/5a755da80d1d979fd66ba745c8702927\"},\"headline\":\"Bruixes o drogodependents?\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-04-17T12:30:18+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-04-19T10:43:00+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/raed.academy\\\/ca\\\/bruixes-o-drogodependents\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":480,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/raed.academy\\\/ca\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/raed.academy\\\/ca\\\/bruixes-o-drogodependents\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/raed.academy\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/04\\\/S\u00e1bado-de-brujas-en-el-monte-Brocken-Michael-Herr-dstNtc.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Hist\u00f2ria\"],\"inLanguage\":\"ca-ES\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/raed.academy\\\/ca\\\/bruixes-o-drogodependents\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/raed.academy\\\/ca\\\/bruixes-o-drogodependents\\\/\",\"name\":\"Bruixes o drogodependents? 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