{"id":188915,"date":"2026-09-02T07:53:49","date_gmt":"2026-09-02T07:53:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/raed.academy\/?p=188915"},"modified":"2026-09-02T07:58:50","modified_gmt":"2026-09-02T07:58:50","slug":"el-cervell-huma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/raed.academy\/ca\/el-cervell-huma\/","title":{"rendered":"El cervell hum\u00e0"},"content":{"rendered":"

August Corominas<\/a><\/em><\/strong>, professor de Fisiologia Humana de la Universitat de M\u00farcia<\/strong> i de la Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona<\/strong> i acad\u00e8mic em\u00e8rit de la Real Acad\u00e8mia Europea de Doctors<\/strong> (RAED), comparteix amb la comunitat acad\u00e8mica l’article “El cervell hum\u00e0”<\/strong>, en qu\u00e8 explica la morfologia i el funcionament d’aquest \u00f2rgan. L’<\/span><\/span>acad\u00e8mic ha compartit recentment en aquesta publicaci\u00f3 els articles “El secret de la longevitat a les ‘zones blaves'”<\/strong><\/a>, “Atenci\u00f3 a les caigudes, de nit i de dia”<\/strong><\/a>, “La bona vida i la vida bona”<\/strong><\/a>, “Vida biol\u00f2gica i vida qu\u00e0ntica”<\/strong><\/a>, “Hospitals intel\u00b7ligents”<\/strong><\/a>, “Cosmon\u00e0utica i medicina espacial”<\/strong><\/a>, “El maltractament i la seva gesti\u00f3”<\/strong><\/a>, “Biologia qu\u00e0ntica”<\/strong><\/a>, “El negre de Banyoles (bosquim\u00e0 o hotentot)”<\/strong><\/a>, “Polidact\u00edlia”<\/strong><\/a>, “Adolesc\u00e8ncia, edat cr\u00edtica de la vida humana”<\/strong><\/a>, “Les sirenes, il\u00b7lusi\u00f3 de navegants i homes de mar”<\/strong><\/a>, “Alimentaci\u00f3 b\u00edblica: aliments purs i aliments impurs”<\/strong><\/a>, “Malalties rares”<\/strong><\/a>, “Els famolencs a Gaza”<\/strong><\/a>,<\/strong> “Sexologia en l’adolesc\u00e8ncia i en la somatopausa (andropausa i menopausa)”<\/strong><\/a>, “Ciberatacs, ciberguerra i ciberseguretat”<\/strong><\/a>, “Refugiats”<\/strong><\/a>, “La maldat humana”<\/strong><\/a>, “Geoestrat\u00e8gia de les terres rares”<\/strong><\/a>, Consci\u00e8ncia i omissi\u00f3: la mis\u00e8ria del governant<\/strong><\/a>, “Plasticosi”<\/strong><\/a>, “Humanitzaci\u00f3”<\/strong><\/a>, “L’illa del doctor Moreau i els ‘t<\/span>herians’<\/span>“<\/strong><\/a>, “L’\u00e0stat, nou element d’import\u00e0ncia tecnol\u00f2gica<\/span><\/span>“<\/strong><\/a>, “La fam\u00edlia Corominas: m\u00e9s de dos segles de vocaci\u00f3 m\u00e8dica”<\/a><\/strong> i “Impacte positiu de la intel\u00b7lig\u00e8ncia artificial en la medicina”<\/strong><\/a>. A m\u00e9s, \u00e9s autor d’un dels cap\u00edtols del<\/span><\/span> llibre “Vitalitat en envellir. Si ho desitges, pots viure m\u00e9s anys amb salut”<\/strong>, editat per la Real Corporaci\u00f3 amb el suport de Vichy Catal\u00e1n<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

El cervell hum\u00e0<\/h2>\n

\"\"El cervell hum\u00e0 \u00e9s l’\u00f2rgan central del sistema nervi\u00f3s, localitzat al cap de l’\u00e9sser hum\u00e0 i protegit pel crani. T\u00e9 la mateixa estructura general i anatomia que el cervell d’altres mam\u00edfers, per\u00f2 amb un c\u00f2rtex cerebral m\u00e9s desenvolupat.<\/p>\n

Animals m\u00e9s grans, com les balenes o els elefants, tenen cervells m\u00e9s grans en termes absoluts, per\u00f2 quan es mesuren fent servir el coeficient d’encefalitzaci\u00f3, que compensa la mida del cos, el coeficient del cervell hum\u00e0 \u00e9s gaireb\u00e9 el doble de gran que el del dof\u00ed com\u00fa i tres vegades m\u00e9s gran que el del ximpanz\u00e9.<\/p>\n

La major part de l’expansi\u00f3 es deu al c\u00f2rtex cerebral, especialment als l\u00f2buls frontals, els quals estan associats a les funcions executives, com el raonament, la planificaci\u00f3, l’autocontrol i el pensament abstracte. El c\u00f2rtex visual, la part del c\u00f2rtex cerebral dedicada a la visi\u00f3, tamb\u00e9 \u00e9s m\u00e9s ampli en humans.<\/p>\n

Funcions del cervell<\/h2>\n

La funci\u00f3 principal del cervell \u00e9s mantenir viu l’organisme perqu\u00e8 interactu\u00ef amb l’entorn. Tot el que l’\u00e9sser hum\u00e0 pensa, sent i fa t\u00e9 a veure amb funcions espec\u00edfiques del cervell. Gran part de les funcions fisiol\u00f2giques del cervell impliquen rebre informaci\u00f3 de la resta del cos, interpretar-la i guiar la resposta del cos. \u00c9s l’\u00faltim responsable del pensament i el moviment.<\/p>\n

Els tipus d’est\u00edmuls que el cervell interpreta inclouen sons, llum, olors i dolor. Tamb\u00e9 interv\u00e9 en funcions vitals com respirar, alliberar hormones o mantenir el nivell de pressi\u00f3 arterial. Permet als humans interaccionar amb el medi comunicant-se amb altres i interactuant amb objectes inanimats.<\/p>\n

Est\u00e0 compost de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules nervioses o neurones que interactuen amb la resta del cos a trav\u00e9s de la medul\u00b7la espinal i el sistema nervi\u00f3s. A m\u00e9s, al cervell es troben diversos compostos qu\u00edmics que ajuden el cervell a mantenir la seva home\u00f2stasi. Mantenir les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules nervioses funcionant correctament i els qu\u00edmics equilibrats \u00e9s essencial per a la salut cerebral.<\/p>\n

Parts del cervell hum\u00e0 i les seves caracter\u00edstiques<\/h2>\n
    \n
  • C\u00f2rtex cerebral.<\/strong> \u00c9s la part integradora de les informacions aferents i eferents. El c\u00f2rtex \u00e9s gaireb\u00e9 sim\u00e8tric i es divideix en hemisferi dret i hemisferi esquerre. Convencionalment, els cient\u00edfics l’han dividit en quatre l\u00f2buls: frontal, parietal, occipital i temporal. Tanmateix, aquesta divisi\u00f3 no \u00e9s per l’estructura real del c\u00f2rtex cerebral, sin\u00f3 pels ossos del crani que el protegeixen.
    \nEl l\u00f2bul frontal i parietal se separen pel solc central, un plec on s’uneixen el c\u00f2rtex somatosensorial primari i el motor. Les diferents \u00e0rees del c\u00f2rtex cerebral estan implicades en diferents funcions comportamentals i cognitives.<\/li>\n
  • L\u00f2bul frontal. <\/strong>\u00c9s el m\u00e9s “modern” dels l\u00f2buls, evolutivament parlant. Controla diverses funcions, com la resoluci\u00f3 de problemes, el pensament creatiu, el judici, l’intel\u00b7lecte, l’atenci\u00f3, el comportament, les reaccions f\u00edsiques, el pensament abstracte, els moviments coordinats, els m\u00fasculs coordinats i la personalitat. Cont\u00e9 l’\u00e0rea de Broca, on es dona la producci\u00f3 ling\u00fc\u00edstica i oral.<\/li>\n
  • L\u00f2bul parietal.<\/strong> Se centra en el moviment, el c\u00e0lcul, l’orientaci\u00f3 i certs tipus de reconeixement. Si es produeix una lesi\u00f3 en aquesta zona, es poden tenir impediments per fer tasques senzilles quotidianes. Al l\u00f2bul parietal se situen el c\u00f2rtex motor, que permet que el cervell controli el moviment del cos. Es localitza a la part mitjana superior del cervell; el c\u00f2rtex sensorial, que es localitza a la part frontal del l\u00f2bul parietal i rep informaci\u00f3 des de la medul\u00b7la espinal sobre la posici\u00f3 de diverses parts del cos i com es mouen. Aquesta regi\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 es pot fer servir per transmetre informaci\u00f3 del sentit del tacte, incloent-hi dolor o pressi\u00f3, la qual afecta diferents porcions del cos.<\/li>\n
  • L\u00f2bul temporal.<\/strong> Controla la mem\u00f2ria visual, auditiva i la comprensi\u00f3 de la parla. Inclou \u00e0rees que ajuden a controlar les capacitats de parla i escolta, comportament i llenguatge. L’\u00e0rea de Wernicke \u00e9s una porci\u00f3 del l\u00f2bul temporal que es troba al voltant del c\u00f2rtex auditiu, i elabora i ent\u00e9n la parla.<\/li>\n
  • L\u00f2bul occipital.<\/strong> Es troba a la part posterior del cap i controla la visi\u00f3. Una lesi\u00f3 en aquesta zona pot provocar dificultats per llegir.<\/li>\n
  • Cos estriat.<\/strong> Est\u00e0 ubicat a les parets dels hemisferis cerebrals i s’hi troben els centres de correlaci\u00f3 i coordinaci\u00f3 que regulen el ritme dels moviments i les expressions facials durant la comunicaci\u00f3.<\/li>\n
  • Sistema l\u00edmbic.<\/strong> Gran part de les respostes hormonals que el cos genera s’inicien en aquesta \u00e0rea. Est\u00e0 relacionat amb la mem\u00f2ria, l’atenci\u00f3, els instints sexuals, les emocions, la personalitat i la conducta. El sistema l\u00edmbic inclou l’hipot\u00e0lem, que engloba centres que regulen l’equilibri intern i l’home\u00f2stasi de l’organisme. Controla l’estat d’\u00e0nim, la temperatura, la gana i la set; l’am\u00edgdala, que permet donar resposta davant les emocions, la por o els records. \u00c9s una porci\u00f3 gran del telenc\u00e8fal; l’hipocamp, les funcions principals del qual s\u00f3n l’aprenentatge i la mem\u00f2ria, espec\u00edficament per convertir la mem\u00f2ria a curt termini en mem\u00f2ria a llarg termini.<\/li>\n
  • T\u00e0lem.<\/strong> \u00c9s un centre de relleu que controla l’atenci\u00f3. Per ell passen est\u00edmuls aferents que arriben a la consci\u00e8ncia.<\/li>\n
  • Tronc de l’enc\u00e8fal.<\/strong> Totes les funcions vitals s’originen al tronc de l’enc\u00e8fal, incloent-hi la pressi\u00f3 sangu\u00ednia, la respiraci\u00f3 i els batecs del cor. En els humans, aquesta \u00e0rea cont\u00e9 el bulb, el mesenc\u00e8fal i la protuber\u00e0ncia.<\/li>\n
  • Mesenc\u00e8fal.<\/strong> Condueix impulsos motors des del c\u00f2rtex cerebral fins al pont troncoencef\u00e0lic i condueix impulsos sensitius des de la medul\u00b7la espinal fins al t\u00e0lem.<\/li>\n
  • Protuber\u00e0ncia.<\/strong> tamb\u00e9 es coneix com a pont troncoencef\u00e0lic, i es troba entre el bulb raquidi i el mesenc\u00e8fal. Participa en funcions vitals, com la visi\u00f3, la coordinaci\u00f3 motora, el son i els estats d’alerta.<\/li>\n
  • Bulb raquidi.<\/strong> Les seves funcions inclouen la transmissi\u00f3 d’impulsos de la medul\u00b7la espinal a l’enc\u00e8fal. Tamb\u00e9 regula les funcions card\u00edaques, respirat\u00f2ries, gastrointestinals i vasoconstrictores.<\/li>\n
  • Cerebel.<\/strong> Tamb\u00e9 es coneix com el “petit cervell” i es considera la part m\u00e9s antiga del cervell en l’escala evolutiva. Controla funcions corporals essencials, com la postura, la coordinaci\u00f3 o l’equilibri, permetent que els humans es moguin correctament.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Metabolisme del cervell hum\u00e0.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    El cervell consumeix deu vegades m\u00e9s energia de la que hauria de consumir tenint en compte la seva mida. Entre el 60% i el 80% de l’energia que consumeix el cervell es dedica a mantenir la connexi\u00f3 entre les diferents neurones, mentre que la resta de l’energia es dedica a respondre a les demandes del medi.<\/p>\n

    Pes i capacitat del cervell hum\u00e0.<\/h2>\n
      \n
    • Pes. Segons les investigacions m\u00e9s recents, el pes mitj\u00e0 del cervell hum\u00e0 adult \u00e9s d’al voltant de 1.400 grams. I t\u00e9 un volum mitj\u00e0 de, en els homes, 1.260 cm\u00b3, i en les dones, de 1.130 cm\u00b3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      En augmentar l’edat, el pes disminueix 2,7 grams en homes i 2,2 grams en dones, cada any. A cada cent\u00edmetre m\u00e9s d’al\u00e7ada, el pes del cervell augmenta 3,7 grams de mitjana. D’altra banda, el pes del cervell no est\u00e0 relacionat amb l’\u00edndex de massa corporal.<\/p>\n

      Capacitat i mem\u00f2ria: quantes neurones t\u00e9 el cervell?<\/h2>\n
      \"August

      Dr. August Corominas<\/p><\/div>\n

      El cervell hum\u00e0 est\u00e0 format per aproximadament 100 bilions de neurones, i cadascuna d’elles t\u00e9 1.000 o m\u00e9s connexions (sinapsis) amb altres neurones. La for\u00e7a d’aquestes sinapsis dep\u00e8n de l’experi\u00e8ncia. Quan dues neurones a cada costat d’una sinapsi s’activen, aquesta connexi\u00f3 es fa m\u00e9s forta. A m\u00e9s, per poder adaptar-se a la fortalesa de la nova connexi\u00f3, la dendrita d’una de les neurones es fa m\u00e9s gran.<\/p>\n

      Les sinapsis estan relacionades amb l’aprenentatge i la mem\u00f2ria, i a mesura que les connexions neuronals es fan m\u00e9s fortes, s’afian\u00e7a el que s’ha apr\u00e8s i recordat.<\/p>\n

      Teixit cerebral<\/h2>\n

      El teixit cerebral es pot dividir en dues grans classes:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • La subst\u00e0ncia blanca: formada principalment per axons, la seva funci\u00f3 \u00e9s processar correctament la informaci\u00f3 cerebral.<\/li>\n
      • La subst\u00e0ncia grisa: formada per cossos neuronals i els seus somes. Est\u00e0 implicada en el control motor, la percepci\u00f3 sensorial (vista, o\u00efda), la mem\u00f2ria, les emocions, el llenguatge, la presa de decisions i l’autocontrol.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        August Corominas explica, en el seu darrer article, la morfologia i el funcionament del cervell hum\u00e0.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":163697,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[332,455,213],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-188915","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biologia-ca","category-ciencies-de-la-salut","category-medicina-i-cirurgia","et-has-post-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"yoast_head":"\nEl cervell hum\u00e0 - Reial Acad\u00e8mia Europea de Doctors<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"August Corominas explica, en el seu darrer article, la morfologia i el funcionament del cervell hum\u00e0.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/raed.academy\/ca\/el-cervell-huma\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"El cervell hum\u00e0 - 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