{"id":187119,"date":"2026-06-30T11:19:59","date_gmt":"2026-06-30T11:19:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/raed.academy\/?p=187119"},"modified":"2026-06-30T15:53:27","modified_gmt":"2026-06-30T15:53:27","slug":"el-desafiament-deradicar-la-polio","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/raed.academy\/ca\/el-desafiament-deradicar-la-polio\/","title":{"rendered":"El desafiament d’eradicar la p\u00f2lio"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"

Dr. Albert Bosch<\/p><\/div>\n

Albert Bosch<\/strong><\/em><\/a>, catedr\u00e0tic de la\u00a0Facultat\u00a0de\u00a0Biologia\u00a0de la\u00a0Universitat\u00a0de Barcelona<\/strong>, president de la\u00a0Societat\u00a0Espanyola\u00a0de\u00a0Virologia<\/strong>, del\u00a0Grup\u00a0de Virus\u00a0Ent\u00e8rics\u00a0de\u00a0Catalunya<\/strong> i de la Societat Internacional de Virologia Aliment\u00e0ria i Mediambiental<\/strong> i acad\u00e8mic de n\u00famero de la Reial Acad\u00e8mia Europea de Doctors<\/strong> (RAED), va ingressar el passat 1 de juny com a acad\u00e8mic numerari de la Reial Acad\u00e8mia de Farm\u00e0cia de Catalunya<\/strong>, de la qual ja era membre corresponent, amb el discurs “El llarg cam\u00ed cap a l’erradicaci\u00f3 de la poliomelitis”<\/strong>, en el qual va oferir una detallada i emotiva revisi\u00f3 hist\u00f2rica de la lluita contra una de les malalties m\u00e9s temudes del segle XX que encara no ha estat completament derrotada.<\/p>\n

L’expert va recordar com la poliomielitis, causada pel poliovirus, va deixar seq\u00fceles devastadores a milions de persones. Les seves primeres descripcions rigoroses daten del segle XVIII, com la del metge brit\u00e0nic Michael Underwood<\/strong> el 1789. Al segle XIX, Jakob von Heine<\/strong> va proposar el seu car\u00e0cter contagi\u00f3s, i el 1908 Karl Landsteiner<\/strong> i Erwin Popper<\/strong> van demostrar el seu origen v\u00edric mitjan\u00e7ant experiments amb micos. En el 1931, Macfarlane Burnet<\/strong> i Jean Macnamara<\/strong> van identificar tres serotips del virus, una troballa fonamental per a les vacunes posteriors. Va ser el gran punt d’inflexi\u00f3, i el 1954 Jonas Salk<\/strong> va presentar la vacuna inactivada, que gr\u00e0cies a la campanya impulsada pel mateix president dels Estats Units, Franklin Roosevelt<\/strong>, v\u00edctima de la malaltia, va reduir dr\u00e0sticament els casos. El 1963, Albert Sabin<\/strong> va desenvolupar la vacuna oral.<\/p>\n

Bosch va recordar la seva pr\u00f2pia infantesa, quan a l’Hospital de Sant Joan de D\u00e9u<\/strong> d’Esplugues de Llobregat i va veure nens tancats a pulmons d’acer. Tamb\u00e9 va esmentar la seva traject\u00f2ria investigadora, incloent-hi la detecci\u00f3 a setembre del 2024 d’un poliovirus en aig\u00fces residuals del Bes\u00f2s, a l’\u00e0rea metropolitana de Barcelona, el que demostra que el virus encara pot circular en entorns urbans. En el seu rep\u00e0s hist\u00f2ric, l’acad\u00e8mic es va aturar a la iniciativa que va llan\u00e7ar l’Organitzaci\u00f3 Mundial de la Salut<\/strong> el 1988 per erradicar la poliomielitis. Els resultats, va destacar, han estat impressionants: d’uns 350.000 casos anuals a m\u00e9s de 125 pa\u00efsos el 1988, es va passar a menys de 2.000 a comen\u00e7aments dels 2000. Tot i aix\u00f2, l’erradicaci\u00f3 global continua pendent. Persisteixen focus end\u00e8mics a l’Afganistan i el Pakistan.<\/p>\n

“M\u00e9s de set d\u00e8cades despr\u00e9s de les primeres vacunes, la poliomielitis continua sent un recordatori que les grans vict\u00f2ries en salut p\u00fablica requereixen const\u00e0ncia, cooperaci\u00f3 internacional i no abaixar la gu\u00e0rdia”, va afirmar. Com va il\u00b7lustrar Bosch amb la imatge de Frida Kahlo<\/strong>, que va patir la malaltia, les seves seq\u00fceles s\u00f3n profundes, per\u00f2 la humanitat compta amb les eines per posar-li fi definitiu. L’objectiu d’una erradicaci\u00f3 total \u00e9s assequible, per\u00f2 exigeix vigil\u00e0ncia cont\u00ednua. El recipiendari va agrair el seu suport als seus col\u00b7laboradors del Grup de Virus Ent\u00e8rics i va subratllar que la ci\u00e8ncia no \u00e9s mai una tasca individual. El discurs de contestaci\u00f3 va anar a c\u00e0rrec de l’acad\u00e8mic Tom\u00e0s Pumarola<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\"\"Bosch ha exercit la seva recerca en institucions estrangeres com ara l’Escola de Medicina Albert Einstein<\/strong> de Nova York, la Universitat de Carolina del Nord<\/strong>, la Universitat d’Arizona<\/strong>, la Universitat de Pret\u00f2ria<\/strong> i l’Institut de Salut Infantil de Londres<\/strong>. Ha publicat m\u00e9s de 200 articles en reconegudes revistes cient\u00edfiques i diversos llibres sobre virologia ambiental i aliment\u00e0ria, aix\u00ed com sobre temes cl\u00ednics i moleculars de virus ent\u00e8rics. A m\u00e9s, \u00e9s editor en cap de “Food and Environmental Virology”<\/strong>, editor de “Journal of Applied Microbiology”<\/strong>, de “Letters in Applied Microbiology”<\/strong> i de “Viruses”<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Va ser incl\u00f2s entre el 2% dels cient\u00edfics m\u00e9s reconeguts en l’\u00e0mbit mundial dins de la seva especialitat per la seva traject\u00f2ria. Va coordinar el projecte VATar<\/strong> (Vigil\u00e0ncia i Alerta Primerenca en aig\u00fces residuals de Covid-19) del Ministeri de Sanitat<\/strong> i el Ministeri cap a la Transici\u00f3 Ecol\u00f2gica i Reptes Demogr\u00e0fics<\/strong> i va desenvolupar el programa SarsAig\u00fces<\/strong> de la Generalitat de Catalunya<\/strong>. Va ser membre del Comit\u00e8 Cient\u00edfic Assessor de la Covid-19<\/strong> i de la Xarxa d’Intel\u00b7lig\u00e8ncia Epidemiol\u00f2gica<\/strong> de la Generalitat de Catalunya i va encap\u00e7alar el XV Congr\u00e9s Nacional de Virologia<\/strong> que es va celebrar a Barcelona, una cita que va englobar la XI Trobada Internacional de la Xarxa Mundial de Virus<\/strong>, grup de treball de refer\u00e8ncia que reuneix els vir\u00f2legs m\u00e9s prestigiosos en l’\u00e0mbit mundial.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Albert Bosch ofereix, durant el seu ingr\u00e9s a la RAFC, una detallada i emotiva revisi\u00f3 hist\u00f2rica de la lluita contra la poliomelitis, una de les malalties m\u00e9s temudes del segle XX que encara no ha estat completament derrotada<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":187079,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[332,455,242,213,168,484],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-187119","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biologia-ca","category-ciencies-de-la-salut","category-categ-historia","category-medicina-i-cirurgia","category-premis-distincions-i-nomenaments","category-virologia-ca","et-has-post-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"yoast_head":"\nEl desafiament d'eradicar la p\u00f2lio - Reial Acad\u00e8mia 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