{"id":186438,"date":"2026-06-17T12:17:03","date_gmt":"2026-06-17T12:17:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/raed.academy\/?p=186438"},"modified":"2026-06-17T12:17:03","modified_gmt":"2026-06-17T12:17:03","slug":"dels-crims-del-segle-dor-a-la-guerra-quimica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/raed.academy\/ca\/dels-crims-del-segle-dor-a-la-guerra-quimica\/","title":{"rendered":"Dels crims del Segle d’Or a la guerra qu\u00edmica"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Francisco

Dr. Francisco L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz<\/p><\/div>\n

Francisco L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz<\/strong><\/em><\/a>, catedr\u00e0tic de Farmacologia i vicerector de Recerca, Ci\u00e8ncia i Doctorat de la Universitat Camilo Jos\u00e9 Cela<\/strong>, acad\u00e8mic corresponent de la Reial Acad\u00e8mia de Medicina del Pa\u00eds Basc<\/strong> i d’altres acad\u00e8mies nacionals i internacionals i acad\u00e8mic de n\u00famero de la Reial Acad\u00e8mia Europea de Doctors<\/strong> (RAED), ha publicat al n\u00famero 23 de la revista cultural “Hasta el tu\u00e9tano”<\/strong>, corresponent al mes de maig passat, l’article “Los cr\u00edmenes de la rueda de los expuestos de Co\u00edmbra”<\/strong>, en el qual aborda una s\u00e8rie d’assassinats de nadons acollits per l’Esgl\u00e9sia al segle XVIII. L’acad\u00e8mic signa la publicaci\u00f3, de marcat car\u00e0cter divulgatiu, al costat de Francisco P\u00e9rez Fern\u00e1ndez<\/strong>, professor de Psicologia Criminal i Hist\u00f2ria de la Psicologia de la Universitat Camilo Jos\u00e9 Cela.<\/p>\n

El cas va esclatar l’abril del 1772 a Co\u00efmbra, quan Luiza de Jesus Rodrigues<\/strong>, de 22 anys, va ser denunciada per assassinar almenys 33 nadons que havia retirat de la Casa de la Roda local, regentada per l’Ordre de la Miseric\u00f2rdia<\/strong>, que recollia a nounats abandonats. L’acusada es presentava al\u00b7legant que recollia als nens per a terceres persones, rebia els 600 reals per nen i roba per embolicar-los, per\u00f2 en lloc de lliurar-los, els asfixiava. Els cossos eren ocultats de forma cada vegada m\u00e9s descuidada a casa seva: parts tallades, caps en descomposici\u00f3 i un cad\u00e0ver complet sota palla. Aix\u00f2 li va comportar el sobrenom de Luc\u00edfera<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

El descobriment va ser casual. Una religiosa de la instituci\u00f3,\u00a0Ang\u00ealica Maria<\/strong>, va lliurar dos nadons a Luiza i hores despr\u00e9s va trobar un d’escanyat a un oliverer proper. Es va comprovar que Luiza havia actuat almenys des de dos anys abans i havia cobrat m\u00e9s de 20.000 de reals. La investigaci\u00f3 va revelar neglig\u00e8ncia greu per part de l’administraci\u00f3 eclesial: no existien registres fiables ni seguiment dels nens un cop lliurats. Luiza no va confessar immediatament tots els crims, per\u00f2 les evid\u00e8ncies la van condemnar. El tribunal va dictar una sent\u00e8ncia exemplaritzant: va ser passejada pels carrers amb soga al coll mentre es pregonaven els seus delictes, cremada amb ferros al vermell, mutilada i crucificada abans de ser cremada per impedir qualsevol sepultura digna. Va haver de pagar a m\u00e9s 50.000 de reals per les costes. Va ser l’\u00faltima dona executada a Portugal i la que va rebre la pena m\u00e9s dura a la hist\u00f2ria del pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n

D’altra banda, L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz va participar al documental televisiu “Quanta guerra!”<\/strong> produ\u00eft per 3CAT<\/strong>, en qualitat d’expert en guerra qu\u00edmica. El programa narra la recerca d’una periodista del rastre del seu avi, ja desaparegut, als fronts d’Arag\u00f3 durant la Guerra Civil. L’acad\u00e8mic presta el seu testimoni en una visita a la que va ser Escola de la Guerra de Tudela<\/strong>, on oficials de l’Ex\u00e8rcit de la Rep\u00fablica rebien formaci\u00f3 sobre els diferents gasos que podia utilitzar l’Ex\u00e8rcit rebel o les forces alemanyes i italianes que li donaven suport. Aix\u00ed mateix, L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz ha estat distingit com Ambaixador de l’Ex\u00e8rcit de Terra<\/strong>, el reconeixement m\u00e9s alt de Defensa.<\/p>\n

\"Roda

Roda dos Expostos que encara es conserva a la localitat portuguesa de Caria [font: SAPO viagens]<\/p><\/div>Reconegut divulgador de la hist\u00f2ria contempor\u00e0nia, la literatura espanyola dels Segles d’Or i la medicina i farmacologia, L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz \u00e9s doctor en Medicina i Cirurgia, en Llengua i Literatura Espanyoles i en Biomedicina i Farm\u00e0cia, especialista en Medicina Farmac\u00e8utica i diplomat en Estudis sobre l’Holocaust per l’Escola Internacional per als Estudis de l’Holocaust<\/strong> de Iad Vaixem, a Jerusalem. \u00c9s investigador de l’Institut de Recerca Hospital 12 d’Octubre<\/strong> de Madrid, membre del Consell Rector<\/strong> de l’Institut de Recarca Sanit\u00e0ria HM Hospitals<\/strong> i de l’Institut d’Estudis Medievals i del Segle d’Or Miguel de Cervantes<\/strong> de la Universitat d’Alcal\u00e1 de Henares<\/strong>, vocal del Consell de Ci\u00e8ncia i Tecnologia de la Comunitat de Madrid<\/strong>, assessor cient\u00edfic del Comit\u00e8 Iberoameric\u00e0 d’\u00c8tica i Bio\u00e8tica<\/strong>, membre del Comit\u00e8 d’Observaci\u00f3<\/strong> de l’Observatori de Drets Humans d’Espanya<\/strong>, del Cap\u00edtol Espanyol<\/strong> del Club de Roma<\/strong> i membre d’honor de la Fundaci\u00f3 Ghandi-Mandela<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Ha participat en nombroses investigacions i \u00e9s autor de monografies i articles a les seves \u00e0rees d’investigaci\u00f3. Recentment ha estat nomenat de forma honor\u00edfica coronel de Kentucky i Gu\u00e0rdia Civil Honorari<\/strong>, coincidint amb el 25\u00e8 aniversari de la creaci\u00f3 d’aquesta figura, la m\u00e0xima distinci\u00f3 civil del cos, que s’atorga de forma excepcional, i el passat 20 de mar\u00e7 va ser reconegut amb la Medalla al\u00a0M\u00e8rit\u00a0en la\u00a0Ciberdefensa<\/strong> que atorga per l’Associaci\u00f3 Professional de P\u00e8rits de Noves Tecnologies<\/strong>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Francisco L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz i Francisco P\u00e9rez Fern\u00e1ndez aborden una s\u00e8rie d’assassinats de nadons acollits per l’Esgl\u00e9sia al segle XVIII, a l’article “Els crims de la roda dels exposats de Co\u00efmbra”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":186477,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[332,455,380,242,404,506,331],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-186438","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biologia-ca","category-ciencies-de-la-salut","category-conflictes-bellics","category-categ-historia","category-historia-nacional-ca","category-medicina-legal-y-forense-ca","category-microbiologia-ca","et-has-post-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"yoast_head":"\nDels crims del Segle d'Or a la guerra qu\u00edmica - 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