{"id":186237,"date":"2026-06-08T08:46:23","date_gmt":"2026-06-08T08:46:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/raed.academy\/?p=186237"},"modified":"2026-06-08T08:48:38","modified_gmt":"2026-06-08T08:48:38","slug":"pot-ser-la-ia-responsable-dun-delicte","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/raed.academy\/ca\/pot-ser-la-ia-responsable-dun-delicte\/","title":{"rendered":"Pot ser la IA responsable d’un delicte?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Jaume

El Dr. Jaume Antich, durant la seva intervenci\u00f3 a la X Trobada Acad\u00e8mica Internacional de la RAED<\/p><\/div>\n

Jaume Antich<\/strong><\/em><\/a>, secretari general del\u00a0Col\u00b7legi Internacional d’Advocats Penalistes<\/strong> i acad\u00e8mic de n\u00famero de la Reial Acad\u00e8mia Europea de Doctors<\/strong> (RAED), va apel\u00b7lar a una actualitzaci\u00f3 del Dret Penal Internacional davant la irrupci\u00f3 de la intel\u00b7lig\u00e8ncia artificial en la pon\u00e8ncia “Intel\u00b7lig\u00e8ncia artificial generativa: m\u00e0quines que decideixen”<\/strong>, que va presentar durant la X Trobada Acad\u00e8mica Internacional<\/strong> que la Reial Corporaci\u00f3 va celebrar entre els passats 15 i 20 de mar\u00e7 a diverses ciutats alemanyes sota el t\u00edtol gen\u00e8ric “El Rin com a corrent del coneixement: di\u00e0legs transfronterers”<\/strong>. Per a l’expert jurista, si b\u00e9 la responsabilitat continua sent humana, tamb\u00e9 ho \u00e9s cada cop m\u00e9s organitzativa.<\/p>\n

“L’expansi\u00f3 de la intel\u00b7lig\u00e8ncia artificial, els sistemes aut\u00f2noms i la presa de decisions algor\u00edtmica planteja un desafiament profund al Dret Penal: com atribuir responsabilitat quan l’acci\u00f3 es dilueix entre m\u00e0quines, persones i organitzacions. Davant propostes que apunten a la responsabilitat de l’algoritme o a solucions basades en el simple resultat, considero que el veritable problema no \u00e9s tecnol\u00f2gic, sin\u00f3 dogm\u00e0tic i organitzatiu. La intel\u00b7lig\u00e8ncia artificial no actua ni decideix penalment, per\u00f2 s\u00ed que reconfigura el risc i amplifica els seus efectes, especialment en contextos empresarials complexos. Davant aquesta realitat, la responsabilitat penal de les persones jur\u00eddiques ofereix la resposta m\u00e9s s\u00f2lida i garantista per perseguir, prevenir i detectar delictes comesos mitjan\u00e7ant sistemes automatitzats. En centrar la imputaci\u00f3 en defectes d’organitzaci\u00f3 i en la gesti\u00f3 del risc algor\u00edtmic, el Dret Penal pot afrontar els reptes de la intel\u00b7lig\u00e8ncia artificial sense renunciar als seus principis fonamentals, refor\u00e7ant alhora la funci\u00f3 preventiva del Compliance penal”, va resumir el ponent la seva intervenci\u00f3.<\/p>\n

L’expert va incidir que la resposta no implica atribuir responsabilitat penal als algoritmes, sin\u00f3 per refor\u00e7ar la responsabilitat de les persones jur\u00eddiques, ja que la IA no actua ni decideix en sentit penal. Tot i que els seus sistemes s\u00f3n cada vegada m\u00e9s aut\u00f2noms i opacs, aquestes eines continuen sent instruments creats, implementats i supervisats per \u00e9ssers humans dins d’estructures organitzatives, especialment empresarials. El veritable desafiament, va considerar, \u00e9s dogm\u00e0tic i organitzatiu: com imputar responsabilitat quan la presa de decisions es fragmenta entre dissenyadors, programadors, directius i operadors. Quan una empresa implanta sistemes d’intel\u00b7lig\u00e8ncia artificial sense mecanismes suficients d’auditoria, supervisi\u00f3 humana, validaci\u00f3 de dades o correcci\u00f3 d’errors assumeix un risc penalment rellevant. Aquella fallada organitzativa, i no la decisi\u00f3 de l’algoritme, \u00e9s el que pot fonamentar la seva responsabilitat penal.<\/p>\n

L’acad\u00e8mic va assenyalar que s\u00f3n aquestes empreses les que han d’implementar avaluacions pr\u00e8vies de riscos, tra\u00e7abilitat de decisions, auditories peri\u00f2diques i controls humans efectius. L’abs\u00e8ncia d’aquestes mesures pot convertir un sistema tecnol\u00f2gic en un instrument del delicte. Davant l’opacitat algor\u00edtmica i la fragmentaci\u00f3 de l’autoria, l’autor va advertir del perill de diluir el principi de culpabilitat, perqu\u00e8 el Dret Penal no pot renunciar a la seva exig\u00e8ncia de retret personal i normatiu, ni tan sols davant la complexitat tecnol\u00f2gica. “La IA intensifica i multiplica els riscos, per\u00f2 no els crea del no-res: s\u00f3n les decisions humanes i organitzatives pr\u00e8vies les que els generen”, va concloure.<\/p>\n

Antich va ingressar a la RAED el novembre passat amb el discurs “La responsabilitat penal de les persones jur\u00eddiques davant el Tribunal Penal Internacional. Una nova oportunitat per reprendre el desafiament”<\/strong><\/a>, en el qual ja abordava aquestes q\u00fcestions, defensant la incorporaci\u00f3 de la responsabilitat penal de les persones jur\u00eddiques davant el Tribunal Penal Internacional<\/strong> en considerar que l’actual model, centrat exclusivament en individus, resulta insuficient per abordar els crims m\u00e9s greus del segle XXI, en els quals empreses i corporacions transnacionals poden tenir un paper determinant i dol\u00f3s. M\u00e9s enll\u00e0 de la intel\u00b7lig\u00e8ncia artificial, l’expert jurista va apuntar als nous escenaris globals, entre els quals va destacar els desastres mediambientals i els conflictes armats amb implicaci\u00f3 corporativa, que exigeixen revisar i ampliar aquest marc jur\u00eddic.<\/p>\n

\"\"L’acad\u00e8mic\u00a0\u00e9s professor de\u00a0Dret<\/span>\u00a0Penal a la\u00a0Facultat<\/span>\u00a0de\u00a0Dret<\/span> de la Universitat <\/span>Aut\u00f2noma <\/span>de Barcelona<\/strong>, on imparteix aix\u00ed mateix doc\u00e8ncia al M\u00e0ster<\/span> d’Acc\u00e9s<\/span> a l’Advocacia<\/span>\u00a0i la\u00a0Procura<\/span><\/strong>, i ha dirigit nombrosos treballs\u00a0de\u00a0final<\/span>\u00a0de grau i de m\u00e0ster. Tamb\u00e9 \u00e9s professor de\u00a0Dret<\/span>\u00a0Penal i\u00a0Dret<\/span>\u00a0Processal<\/span> Penal a l’Institut <\/span>de Seguretat <\/span>P\u00fablica de Catalunya<\/span><\/strong>, ha estat subdirector del M\u00e0ster <\/span>de Just\u00edcia <\/span>Penal Internacional <\/strong>del\u00a0Col\u00b7legi<\/span> Internacional d’Advocats<\/span>\u00a0Penalistes<\/span> i la Universitat <\/span>Rovira i <\/span>Virgili <\/strong>i tamb\u00e9 \u00e9s professor del\u00a0M\u00e0ster<\/span>\u00a0de\u00a0Compliance de l’Il\u00b7lustre\u00a0Col\u00b7legi<\/span> de l’Advocacia\u00a0de Barcelona<\/strong><\/span>. Advocat en exercici des del 2003, \u00e9s director del seu propi despatx a Barcelona, especialitzat en\u00a0Dret<\/span>\u00a0Penal,\u00a0Dret<\/span>\u00a0Penal Internacional i\u00a0Corporate Compliance<\/span>. \u00c9s membre d’honor del Consell <\/span>Superior Europeu <\/span>de Doctors <\/span>i Doctors Honoris Causa<\/strong>, membre de l’Associaci\u00f3<\/span>\u00a0Internacional de\u00a0Dret<\/span>\u00a0Penal<\/strong> i membre de l’Associaci\u00f3 <\/span>Espanyola <\/span>de Compliance<\/span><\/strong>, entre altres organitzacions professionals.<\/p>\n

Al llarg de la seva traject\u00f2ria ha ocupat diversos c\u00e0rrecs institucionals, com els de president i vicepresident del\u00a0Grup<\/span> d’Advocats<\/span>\u00a0Joves<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>i els de secretari de la Secci\u00f3 <\/span>de Compliance <\/span>i de la Comissi\u00f3 <\/span>de Just\u00edcia <\/span>Penal Internacional i Drets Humans de l’Il\u00b7lustre<\/span>\u00a0Col\u00b7legi<\/span>\u00a0de l\u2019Advocacia<\/span> de Barcelona. \u00c9s autor de nombroses publicacions cient\u00edfiques, ha participat com a ponent en m\u00e9s de mig centenar de congressos nacionals i internacionals i col\u00b7labora habitualment\u00a0com a<\/span> expert en diversos mitjans de comunicaci\u00f3. Les seves l\u00ednies de recerca giren entorn del Dret<\/span>\u00a0Penal Internacional, la responsabilitat penal de les persones jur\u00eddiques i el\u00a0Compliance<\/span>. Acaba de ser designat president de la\u00a0Comissi\u00f3\u00a0de\u00a0Just\u00edcia\u00a0Penal Internacional i Drets Humans<\/strong> de l’Il\u00b7lustre Col\u00b7legi de l’Advocacia de Barcelona.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jaume Antich apel\u00b7la a una actualitzaci\u00f3 del Dret Penal Internacional davant la irrupci\u00f3 de la IA a la pon\u00e8ncia “Inteligencia artificial generativa: m\u00e1quinas que deciden”, durant la X Trobada Acad\u00e8mica Internacional de la RAED<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":186149,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[436,225,509,354,492],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-186237","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-computacio","category-dret","category-dret-penal","category-tecnologies-de-la-informacio-i-de-la-comunicacio","category-trobades-cientifiques-i-congressos","et-has-post-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"yoast_head":"\nPot ser la IA responsable d'un delicte? - Reial Acad\u00e8mia Europea de 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