{"id":182768,"date":"2026-04-02T10:00:34","date_gmt":"2026-04-02T10:00:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/raed.academy\/?p=182768"},"modified":"2026-04-02T10:00:34","modified_gmt":"2026-04-02T10:00:34","slug":"europa-pot-i-ha-de-ser-competitiva-al-segle-xxi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/raed.academy\/ca\/europa-pot-i-ha-de-ser-competitiva-al-segle-xxi\/","title":{"rendered":"Europa pot i ha de ser competitiva al segle XXI"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Esther Subir\u00e1<\/strong><\/em><\/a>, catedr\u00e0tica de la Facultat d’Economia i Empresa de la Universitat de Barcelona<\/strong>, vocal de la Junta de Govern<\/strong> del Col\u00b7legi d’Economistes de Catalunya<\/strong> i acad\u00e8mica de n\u00famero i membre de la Junta de Govern<\/strong> de la Reial Acad\u00e8mia Europea de Doctors<\/strong> (RAED), va abordar els reptes demogr\u00e0fics que afronta Europa dins del marc de la X Trobada Acad\u00e8mica Internacional<\/strong> que la Real Corporaci\u00f3 va celebrar entre els passats 15 i 20 de mar\u00e7 en diverses ciutats alemanyes sota el t\u00edtol gen\u00e8ric “El Rin com a corrent del coneixement: di\u00e0legs transfronterers”<\/strong>. L’acad\u00e8mica va presentar la pon\u00e8ncia “Edatisme territorial i reconfiguraci\u00f3 europea: la banana blava davant el desafiament de la irrellev\u00e0ncia”<\/strong>. En aquesta mateixa l\u00ednia, Subir\u00e1 ja havia dissertat l’octubre passat sobre aquest aspecte crucial a l’Aula Telem\u00e0tica<\/strong> de l’Acad\u00e8mia de Ci\u00e8ncies, Enginyeries i Humanitats de Lanzarote<\/strong>, de la que \u00e9s acad\u00e8mica corresponent, on va presentar la confer\u00e8ncia “De la pir\u00e1mide al cilindro: longevidad y exclusi\u00f3n, la paradoja del edadismo<\/span><\/span>“<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\"Esther

Dra. Esther Subir\u00e1<\/p><\/div>\n

Fent refer\u00e8ncia a la hist\u00f2rica “banana blava”, el corredor industrial que uneix el Rin i el Roine, des del nord-oest d’Anglaterra fins al nord d’It\u00e0lia per referir-se per extensi\u00f3 a l’Europa industrial, l’experta va assenyalar que el continent afronta un moment cr\u00edtic marcat per l’envelliment demogr\u00e0fic, la p\u00e8rdua de centralitat geoecon\u00f2mica i una accelerada transici\u00f3 tecnol\u00f2gica, acompanyat al seu torn d’un nou fenomen que denomina edatisme territorial. Es tracta d’una visi\u00f3 que considera que les regions amb llarga traject\u00f2ria industrial resulten obsoletes per liderar l’economia del segle XXI. Aquest prejudici, va explicar, penalitza injustament als territoris consolidats a favor de zones emergents, ignorant que la seva experi\u00e8ncia acumulada, el seu capital hum\u00e0 i les seves infraestructures poden esdevenir un avantatge estrat\u00e8gic fonamental.<\/p>\n

L’economista va recordar com abans de la Segona Guerra Mundial el cor productiu d’Europa no es limitava a l’eix occidental. Regions com Sil\u00e8sia, Boh\u00e8mia, Ren\u00e0nia, Pomer\u00e0nia o el nord d’It\u00e0lia formaven un teixit industrial altament integrat i connectat. Tot i aix\u00f2, la divisi\u00f3 del continent despr\u00e9s dels acords de Ialta i la Guerra Freda va provocar una marginaci\u00f3 artificial d’\u00e0mplies zones del centre i est europeu, consolidant la primacia de la banana blava occidental que avui mostra clars signes de fatiga estructural. Actualment, moltes de les seves regions superen el 30% de la denominada taxa de depend\u00e8ncia s\u00e8nior, la seva productivitat s’ha vist minvada i la seva depend\u00e8ncia tecnol\u00f2gica exterior s’ha incrementat. Alhora, va advertir, Europa s’ha d’enfrontar a la forta compet\u00e8ncia dels Estats Units i la Xina a camps clau per al futur com ara la intel\u00b7lig\u00e8ncia artificial, la rob\u00f2tica avan\u00e7ada i les tecnologies netes.<\/p>\n

\"La

La Banana Blava (angl\u00e8s, Blue Banana), tamb\u00e9 coneguda com a Megal\u00f2polis Europea o Dorsal Europea<\/p><\/div>\n

Davant aquest panorama, Subir\u00e0 va rebutjar la idea d’un declivi inevitable i va proposar una estrat\u00e8gia de resili\u00e8ncia basada en tres pilars. En primer lloc, impulsar missions industrials de gran abast, inspirades a l’enfocament de la tamb\u00e9 economista Mariana Mazzucato<\/strong> per orientar la inversi\u00f3 p\u00fablica i privada cap a objectius concrets com l’autonomia tecnol\u00f2gica, la transici\u00f3 energ\u00e8tica i la manufactura avan\u00e7ada. En segon lloc, afavorir la reconnexi\u00f3 territorial integrant la banana blava amb altres corredors emergents, com la banana daurada de la Mediterr\u00e0nia, que uneix Val\u00e8ncia amb G\u00e8nova, i la banana verda, l’arc que connecta l’Adri\u00e0tic amb el B\u00e0ltic a trav\u00e9s de Viena, Praga, Budapest i Vars\u00f2via. Finalment, promoure una renovaci\u00f3 institucional que permeti avan\u00e7ar cap a una Europa m\u00e9s polic\u00e8ntrica, capa\u00e7 de reduir bretxes de productivitat i enfortir la cohesi\u00f3 entre el nucli occidental i les perif\u00e8ries. Per a l’experta, la maduresa europea no equival a declivi, sin\u00f3 que pot convertir-se en la base d’una nova sobirania fundada en coneixement, estabilitat institucional i capacitat d’integraci\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Subir\u00e1 \u00e9s una reconeguda investigadora als \u00e0mbits de les finances i el m\u00e0rqueting i ha exercit com a docent en diverses universitats i escoles de negocis internacionals. Ha estat reconeguda pel Consell General d’Economistes d’Espanya<\/strong> amb la Medalla al Servei a l’Economia Espanyola<\/strong> pel seu destacat exercici en la professi\u00f3 d’economista i el seu lliurament al Col\u00b7legi d’Economistes i a la societat en general.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Esther Subir\u00e1 aborda els reptes demogr\u00e0fics que afronta Europa, en el marc de la X Trobada Acad\u00e8mica Internacional de la RAED, durant la pon\u00e8ncia “Edadismo territorial y reconfiguraci\u00f3n europea: la banana azul ante el desaf\u00edo de la irrelevancia”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":182714,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[469,233,242,354,492],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-182768","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actes-internacionals","category-economiques-i-empresarials","category-categ-historia","category-tecnologies-de-la-informacio-i-de-la-comunicacio","category-trobades-cientifiques-i-congressos","et-has-post-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"yoast_head":"\nEuropa pot i ha de 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