{"id":178986,"date":"2026-01-22T15:26:08","date_gmt":"2026-01-22T15:26:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/raed.academy\/?p=178986"},"modified":"2026-01-22T15:26:08","modified_gmt":"2026-01-22T15:26:08","slug":"les-fonts-cientifiques-de-les-bogeries-de-cervantes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/raed.academy\/ca\/les-fonts-cientifiques-de-les-bogeries-de-cervantes\/","title":{"rendered":"Les fonts cient\u00edfiques de les ‘bogeries’ de Cervantes"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Francisco

Dr. Francisco L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz<\/p><\/div>\n

Francisco L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz<\/strong><\/em><\/a>, catedr\u00e0tic de Farmacologia i vicerector de Recerca, Ci\u00e8ncia i Doctorat de la Universitat Camilo Jos\u00e9 Cela<\/strong>, membre de l’Acad\u00e8mia de les Ci\u00e8ncies i les Arts Militars<\/strong>, acad\u00e8mic corresponent de la Reial Acad\u00e8mia de Medicina del Pa\u00eds Basc<\/strong> i acad\u00e8mic de n\u00famero de la Reial Acad\u00e8mia Europea de Doctors<\/strong> (RAED), va prendre possessi\u00f3 com a acad\u00e8mic corresponent de la Reial Acad\u00e8mia de Medicina de Castella-la Manxa<\/strong>, adscrit a la Secci\u00f3 de Ci\u00e8ncies B\u00e0siques, dins del marc d’una cerim\u00f2nia celebrada el passat 15 de gener a la Diputaci\u00f3 d’Albacete<\/strong>. El recipiendari va llegir el discurs d’ingr\u00e9s “Bajo la sombra de Moria: Cervantes y sus fuentes cient\u00edficas en el \u00e1mbito de la medicina de la mente”<\/strong>. La Laudatio de presentaci\u00f3 va anar a c\u00e0rrec de l’acad\u00e8mic numerari d’aquesta Reial Corporaci\u00f3 Jos\u00e9 Manuel Juiz G\u00f3mez<\/strong>, catedr\u00e0tic d’Histologia de la Universitat de Castella-la Manxa<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Al seu treball, L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz va analitzar la influ\u00e8ncia dels coneixements m\u00e8dics sobre els trastorns mentals del per\u00edode tard-renacentista, \u00e0mbit en el qual Espanya era una aut\u00e8ntica pot\u00e8ncia europea, a les obres liter\u00e0ries de Miguel de Cervantes<\/strong> i a les fonts t\u00e8cniques en aquesta mat\u00e8ria en qu\u00e8 es va poder basar el literat. De fet, a l’obra de Cervantes la figura del tocat de l’ala o el boig apareix com una constant, a tall d’estrat\u00e8gia liter\u00e0ria, mitjan\u00e7ant la qual l’autor efectua un particular exercici de cr\u00edtica social. A m\u00e9s, les seves obres liter\u00e0ries constitueixen un magn\u00edfic mirall en el qual observar tots els entramats socials, usos i costums de l’Espanya de la seva \u00e8poca i han perm\u00e8s tamb\u00e9 ampliar els coneixements sobre la manera d’entendre, durant aquell per\u00edode, nombroses malalties (i els seus remeis), incloent-hi les malalties mentals. Les seves caracteritzacions liter\u00e0ries de la malaltia mental estan dotades, segons va comentar l’acad\u00e8mic, d’unes connotacions cl\u00edniques que fan pensar que Cervantes tenia uns coneixements de medicina gens menyspreables, que possiblement procedien del seu entorn familiar i d’amistats, aix\u00ed com del seu inter\u00e8s particular pels subjectes alienats, doncs existeix const\u00e0ncia de les seves visites a l’Hospital d’Innocents de Sevilla.<\/p>\n

De la mateixa manera, el recipiendari va posar de manifest el possible acc\u00e9s per part de Cervantes a diversos tractats relacionats amb les disciplines neurocient\u00edfiques, molt en voga durant l’Espanya del Segle d’Or. Entre ells va destacar b\u00e0sicament quatre obres: dues d’elles, de les que disposava el Pr\u00edncep de les Lletres a la seva biblioteca particular i que en alguns moments cita de forma bastant aproximada, com s\u00f3n el popular “Diosc\u00f3rides”<\/strong> (“Acerca de la materia medicinal y de los venenos mort\u00edferos”<\/strong>) comentat per Andr\u00e9s Laguna<\/strong> i l’“Examen de ingenios para las ciencias”<\/strong> de Juan Huarte de San Juan<\/strong>; les altres dues corresponen a l’opuscle m\u00e8dic “Dignotio et cura affectuum melancholicorum”<\/strong> d’Alfonso de Santa Cruz<\/strong>, del qual sembla haver-se obtingut la descripci\u00f3 cl\u00ednica del protagonista de la novel\u00b7la exemplar “El llicenciat Vidriera”<\/strong>, i “Elogi de la bogeria”<\/strong> d’Erasme de Rotterdam<\/strong>, els plantejaments humanistes del qual van poder influir en la conceptualitzaci\u00f3 cervantina de la bogeria del Quixot.<\/p>\n

\"\"L’acad\u00e8mic va assenyalar que, possiblement, l’ampli coneixement de les plantes, algunes amb propietats curatives, que exhibeix Cervantes proced\u00eds de la lectura i de la consulta del “Disc\u00f3rides”, com ja havia posat de manifest ell mateix en diversos estudis. Prova d’aix\u00f2, dins del marc de la patologia mental, s\u00f3n les descripcions de l’efecte d’algunes plantes, coincidents, en alguns casos de forma gaireb\u00e9 literal amb les aportades per Laguna, com els efectes al\u00b7lucin\u00f2gens dels ung\u00fcents de bruixes, els efectes narc\u00f2tics de l’opi, aix\u00ed com els efectes de certs verins. “Cal tenir sempre al cap que l’objectiu de Cervantes en compondre les seves obres, igual com el de la major part dels creadors literaris, no era el de dissertar sobre aspectes cl\u00ednics o terap\u00e8utics, sin\u00f3 el del simple entreteniment propi d’una construcci\u00f3 art\u00edstica, on les pinzellades t\u00e8cniques constitueixen un ornament m\u00e9s i un recurs per demostrar cert car\u00e0cter il\u00b7lustrat. Si ignorem aquest punt, podem caure en el fatal error d’abordar els textos cervantins com si de tractats cient\u00edfics es tractessin, la qual cosa suposa una absurda manera de trivialitzar la ci\u00e8ncia (i, per descomptat, tamb\u00e9 la literatura)”, va concloure l’expert.<\/p>\n

La Reial Acad\u00e8mia de Medicina de Castella-la Manxa \u00e9s una corporaci\u00f3 de dret p\u00fablic sense \u00e0nim de lucre, amb seu a Albacete, dedicada a l’estudi, promoci\u00f3 i difusi\u00f3 del coneixement m\u00e8dic i cient\u00edfic, actuant com a espai de refer\u00e8ncia per a especialistes, docents i investigadors. Entre les seves finalitats es troben promoure estudis, reflexions, reunions i sessions cient\u00edfiques, cursos, confer\u00e8ncies, publicacions, dict\u00e0mens, consultes i, en general, les activitats que puguin redundar en el progr\u00e9s i divulgaci\u00f3 de les ci\u00e8ncies biom\u00e8diques, aix\u00ed com col\u00b7laborar amb les autoritats i diversos organismes formulant les propostes que s’estimin oportunes sobre q\u00fcestions d’inter\u00e8s cient\u00edfic. L’entitat contribueix a la difusi\u00f3 de les investigacions sobre mat\u00e8ries cient\u00edfiques i promou l’estudi de les patologies m\u00e9s rellevants relacionades amb el territori i la hist\u00f2ria de la medicina a Castella-la Manxa. El seu origen \u00e9s la Societat de Medicina i Cirurgia d’Albacete<\/strong>, que es va constituir el 1968 com a associaci\u00f3 de car\u00e0cter privat per al foment i estudi de les ci\u00e8ncies m\u00e8diques en totes les seves branques. El 2021 va ser distingida pel rei Felip VI<\/strong> amb el t\u00edtol de Reial.<\/p>\n

Reconegut divulgador de la hist\u00f2ria contempor\u00e0nia, la literatura espanyola dels Segles d’Or i la medicina i farmacologia, L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz \u00e9s doctor en Medicina i Cirurgia i doctor en Llengua i Literatura Espanyoles, especialista en Medicina Farmac\u00e8utica i diplomat en Estudis sobre l’Holocaust per l’Escola Internacional per als Estudis de l’Holocaust<\/strong> de Iad Vaixem, a Jerusalem. \u00c9s investigador de l’Institut de Recerca Hospital 12 d’Octubre<\/strong> de Madrid, membre del Consell Rector<\/strong> de l’Institut de Recarca Sanit\u00e0ria HM Hospitals<\/strong> i de l’Institut d’Estudis Medievals i del Segle d’Or Miguel de Cervantes<\/strong> de la Universitat d’Alcal\u00e1 de Henares<\/strong>, vocal del Consell de Ci\u00e8ncia i Tecnologia de la Comunitat de Madrid<\/strong>, assessor cient\u00edfic del Comit\u00e8 Iberoameric\u00e0 d’\u00c8tica i Bio\u00e8tica<\/strong>, membre del Comit\u00e8 d’Observaci\u00f3<\/strong> de l’Observatori de Drets Humans d’Espanya<\/strong>, del Cap\u00edtol Espanyol<\/strong> del Club de Roma<\/strong> i membre d’honor de la Fundaci\u00f3 Ghandi-Mandela<\/strong>. Ha participat en nombroses investigacions i \u00e9s autor de monografies i articles a les seves \u00e0rees d’investigaci\u00f3. Recentment ha estat nomenat de forma honor\u00edfica coronel de Kentucky i Gu\u00e0rdia Civil Honorari<\/strong>, coincidint amb el 25\u00e8 aniversari de la creaci\u00f3 d’aquesta figura, la m\u00e0xima distinci\u00f3 civil del cos, que s’atorga de forma excepcional.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Francisco L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz pren possessi\u00f3 com a acad\u00e8mic corresponent de la Reial Acad\u00e8mia de Medicina de Castella-la Manxa, amb el discurs “Bajo la sombra de Moria: Cervantes y sus fuentes cient\u00edficas en el \u00e1mbito de la medicina de la mente”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":178985,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[229,455,442,439,168,472],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-178986","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-art","category-ciencies-de-la-salut","category-ciencies-farmaceutiques-ciencies-de-la-salut","category-literatura-ca","category-premis-distincions-i-nomenaments","category-psiquiatria-i-psicologia","et-has-post-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"yoast_head":"\nLes fonts 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