{"id":174234,"date":"2025-10-31T19:22:23","date_gmt":"2025-10-31T19:22:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/raed.academy\/?p=174234"},"modified":"2025-10-31T19:23:50","modified_gmt":"2025-10-31T19:23:50","slug":"la-maldat-amb-gaza-com-a-rerefons","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/raed.academy\/ca\/la-maldat-amb-gaza-com-a-rerefons\/","title":{"rendered":"La maldat amb Gaza com a rerefons"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"August

Dr. August Corominas<\/p><\/div>\n

August Corominas<\/strong><\/em><\/a>, professor de Fisiologia Humana de la Universitat de M\u00farcia<\/strong> i de la Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona<\/strong> i acad\u00e8mic em\u00e8rit de la Reial Acad\u00e8mia Europea de Doctors<\/strong> (RAED), comparteix amb la comunitat acad\u00e8mica l’article “La maldat humana”<\/strong>, en qu\u00e8 aborda la cara m\u00e9s fosca i cruel de l’\u00e9sser hum\u00e0 al llarg de la hist\u00f2ria, que avui dia t\u00e9 a Gaza el seu paradigma.\u00a0L’acad\u00e8mic ha compartit recentment en aquesta publicaci\u00f3 els articles Els secrets de la longevitat i les ‘zones blaves’<\/strong><\/a>, “Atenci\u00f3 a les caigudes, de nit i de dia”<\/strong><\/a>,\u00a0“La bona vida i la vida bona”<\/strong><\/a>, “Vida biol\u00f2gica i Vida Qu\u00e0ntica”<\/strong><\/a>, “Hospitals intel\u00b7ligents”<\/strong><\/a>, “Cosmon\u00e0utica i medicina espacial”<\/strong><\/a>, “El maltractament i la seva gesti\u00f3”<\/strong><\/a>, “Biologia qu\u00e0ntica”<\/strong><\/a>, “El negre de Banyoles (boixim\u00e0 o hotentot)”<\/strong><\/a>, “Polidact\u00edlia”<\/strong><\/a>, “Adolesc\u00e8ncia, edat cr\u00edtica de la vida humana”<\/strong><\/a>, “Les sirenes, il\u00b7lusi\u00f3 de navegants i homes de mar”<\/strong><\/a>, “Alimentaci\u00f3 b\u00edblica: aliments purs i aliments impurs”<\/strong><\/a>,\u00a0“Els fam\u00e8lics de Gaza”<\/strong><\/a>, “Sexologia a l’adolesc\u00e8ncia i a la somatopausa: (andropausa i menopausa)<\/strong><\/a>, “Ciberatacs, ciberguerra i ciberseguretat”<\/strong><\/a> i “Refugiats”<\/strong><\/a>. A m\u00e9s \u00e9s autor d’un dels cap\u00edtols del llibre “Vitalidad al envejecer. Si lo deseas, puedes vivir m\u00e1s a\u00f1os con salud”<\/strong>, editat per la Reial Corporaci\u00f3 amb el suport de Vichy Catal\u00e1n<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

La maldat humana<\/h2>\n

1. Introducci\u00f3.<\/h3>\n

La vida, la mort, l’amor, l’odi, la bondat i la maldat constitueixen aspectes essencials de la natura i ‘\u2019experi\u00e8ncia humana. La bondat pot entendre’s com l’exercici conscient del poder personal destinat a beneficiar els altres. Tot i aix\u00f2, la maldat \u00e9s l’exercici deliberat del poder per causar mal, dolor o patiment a altres persones. Podem distingir entre malvats conscients o voluntaris, que actuen amb intenci\u00f3, i malvats inconscients o involuntaris, que generen mal sense plena consci\u00e8ncia de les seves accions.<\/p>\n

2. La maldat i la crueltat al llarg de la hist\u00f2ria.<\/h3>\n

La hist\u00f2ria de la humanitat \u00e9s tamb\u00e9 la hist\u00f2ria de la crueltat. Des de l’esclavitud a les guerres contempor\u00e0nies, l’\u00e9sser hum\u00e0 ha estat capa\u00e7 d’exercir graus extrems de viol\u00e8ncia i degradaci\u00f3 moral.<\/p>\n

Exemples hist\u00f2rics de maldat institucionalitzada:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • L’esclavitud i la crucifixi\u00f3 a l’Antiguitat.<\/li>\n
  • La Inquisici\u00f3 medieval (1478\u20131498), amb figures com Tom\u00e0s de Torquemada<\/strong>, amb pr\u00e0ctiques de delaci\u00f3, actes de fe i execucions en la foguera de suposades bruixes o heretges.<\/li>\n
  • L’Holocaust i les guerres europees del segle XX, amb experiments sobre humans, com els realitzats pel doctor Josef Mengele<\/strong> o pel doctor Shiro Ishii<\/strong> (Unitat 731 del Jap\u00f3 Imperial).<\/li>\n
  • Els conflictes contemporanis: Afganistan, Orient Mitj\u00e0, la invasi\u00f3 d’Ucra\u00efna i la guerra entre Ham\u00e0s i Israel, amb conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies devastadores per a la poblaci\u00f3 civil.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Aquestes situacions reflecteixen la persist\u00e8ncia de la viol\u00e8ncia extrema, la tortura i la mort com instruments pol\u00edtics, religiosos o ideol\u00f2gics.<\/p>\n

    3. Els fonaments de la maldat.<\/h3>\n

    Els sin\u00f2nims de maldat -crueltat, ranc\u00fania, vilesa, atrocitat, ignom\u00ednia, malignitat o menyspreu- expressen diferents matisos d\u2019un mateix fenomen: la negaci\u00f3 de la dignitat humana. Podem parlar de maldat individual, familiar o institucional, aquesta \u00faltima exercida per governs o estructures de poder.<\/p>\n

    La hist\u00f2ria mostra que com m\u00e9s poder t\u00e9 un individu, major pot ser la seva capacitat de fer el mal.<\/p>\n

    A m\u00e9s, determinades condicions socials poden afavorir conductes malvades: guerres civils o territorials, crisis econ\u00f2miques o sanit\u00e0ries, pobresa, empresonament, camps de refugiats o centres d’interrogatori. La destrucci\u00f3 i la gana en zones com Gaza s\u00f3n exemples recents de patiment hum\u00e0 col\u00b7lectiu que alguns autors han qualificat de genocidi.<\/p>\n

    4. Perspectives filos\u00f2fiques i neurobiol\u00f2giques.<\/h3>\n

    Els fil\u00f2sofs i cient\u00edfics s\u2019han preguntat si l’\u00e9sser hum\u00e0 \u00e9s bo o dolent per naturalesa. Thomas Hobbes<\/strong> considerava que “l’home \u00e9s un llop per a l’home”, \u00e9s a dir, que la maldat \u00e9s inherent a la condici\u00f3 humana. Jean-Jacques Rousseau<\/strong>, en canvi, afirmava que l\u2019\u00e9sser hum\u00e0 \u00e9s bo per naturalesa i que \u00e9s la societat la que el corromp.<\/p>\n

    Des de la neurofisiologia, s’ha intentat trobar difer\u00e8ncies entre el cervell de la persona bona i el de la persona malvada. Tot i aix\u00f2, la majoria d’autors coincideixen que les dues condicions depenen d’una combinaci\u00f3 del genoma, ambioma i epigenoma.<\/p>\n

    L’oxitocina s’ha relacionat amb la generositat i les conductes de compte -maternal i paternal-, mentre que la testosterona s’associa amb la prepot\u00e8ncia, l\u2019agressivitat i la recerca de poder. Segons investigadors contemporanis, existeix un factor D (factor de la foscor) que agrupa trets com ara l’egoisme, el maquiavel\u00b7lisme, el narcisisme, el sadisme, la psicopatia, la malvolen\u00e7a o l’arrog\u00e0ncia.<\/p>\n

    5. Representacions culturals i liter\u00e0ries de la maldat.<\/h3>\n

    \"\"L’antropologia i la literatura ofereixen nombrosos exemples que simbolitzen la dualitat del b\u00e9 i el mal: “Frankenstein”<\/strong> de Mary Shelley<\/strong>, “El Dr. Jekyll i Mr. Hyde”<\/strong> de Robert Louis Stevenson<\/strong>, “La bella i la b\u00e8stia”<\/strong>, la s\u00edndrome d’Estocolm com a met\u00e0fora psicol\u00f2gica. Una par\u00e0bola cl\u00e0ssica \u00e9s la de la granota i l’escorp\u00ed: l’escorp\u00ed demana ajuda per travessar el riu, per\u00f2 enmig del trajecte pica la granota, condemnant-los a tots dos. Quan ella li pregunta per qu\u00e8 ho ha fet, ell respon: “\u00c9s la meva natura”. Aquest relat simbolitza la idea que la maldat pot ser inherent a alguns \u00e9ssers humans.<\/p>\n

    6. La tortura: expressi\u00f3 extrema de la maldat.<\/h3>\n

    La tortura \u00e9s l’acte d’infligir dolor f\u00edsic o psicol\u00f2gic de forma deliberada, provocant lesions i seq\u00fceles duradores. Malgrat la seva prohibici\u00f3 internacional, encara es practica a molts pa\u00efsos. Els m\u00e8todes hist\u00f2rics inclouen: flagel\u00b7laci\u00f3, gota xinesa, cops en la planta dels peus, desc\u00e0rregues el\u00e8ctriques, empalament, agressions sexuals i altres formes de maltractament. Aquestes pr\u00e0ctiques generen dolor intens, ansietat i estr\u00e8s posttraum\u00e0tic intens.<\/p>\n

    7. Factors determinants del comportament maligne.<\/h3>\n

    Segons l’escala de Michael Stone<\/strong>, que classifica la maldat en 22 nivells, el comportament malvat pot derivar de m\u00faltiples factors:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Biol\u00f2gics: predisposicions gen\u00e8tiques o neuroqu\u00edmiques.<\/li>\n
    • Culturals i socials: valors, creences, actituds i normes.<\/li>\n
    • Emocionals i afectius: manca d’empatia, amor o toler\u00e0ncia.<\/li>\n
    • Familiars: autoritat paterna o materna, vincles afectius disfuncionals.<\/li>\n
    • \u00c8tics i legals: abs\u00e8ncia de valors morals, impunitat o corrupci\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Les conductes malvades solen anar acompanyades de trets com l’avar\u00edcia, la corrupci\u00f3, la impunitat, la viol\u00e8ncia f\u00edsica o psicol\u00f2gica, el maltractament familiar, l’odi i la manca total de dec\u00e8ncia o empatia.<\/p>\n

      8. Conclusions.<\/h3>\n

      La maldat humana \u00e9s un fenomen complex i multidimensional que combina factors biol\u00f2gics, psicol\u00f2gics, socials i culturals. Malgrat els progressos morals i cient\u00edfics, la hist\u00f2ria demostra que la capacitat de fer el mal segueix present en la humanitat.<\/p>\n

      Com assenyala el fil\u00f2sof Jos\u00e9 Antonio Marina<\/strong> a la seva biografia de la inhumanitat, comprendre la maldat \u00e9s imprescindible per prevenir-la. Nom\u00e9s a trav\u00e9s de l’educaci\u00f3 \u00e8tica, la compassi\u00f3 i la consci\u00e8ncia cr\u00edtica \u00e9s possible reduir la pres\u00e8ncia del patiment i promoure una cultura de la bondat activa.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      August Corominas aborda la cara m\u00e9s fosca i cruel de l’\u00e9sser hum\u00e0 al llarg de la hist\u00f2ria, que avui dia t\u00e9 a Gaza el seu paradigma<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[247,455,380,496,242,451,472],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-174234","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-antropologia-ca","category-ciencies-de-la-salut","category-conflictes-bellics","category-educacio-etica-i-valors-ca","category-categ-historia","category-psicologia-ca","category-psiquiatria-i-psicologia","et-doesnt-have-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"yoast_head":"\nLa maldat amb Gaza com a rerefons - Reial Acad\u00e8mia Europea de Doctors<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"August Corominas aborda la cara m\u00e9s fosca i cruel de l'\u00e9sser hum\u00e0 al llarg de la hist\u00f2ria, que avui dia t\u00e9 a Gaza el seu paradigma\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/raed.academy\/ca\/la-maldat-amb-gaza-com-a-rerefons\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La maldat amb Gaza com a rerefons - 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