{"id":172089,"date":"2025-10-12T11:57:12","date_gmt":"2025-10-12T11:57:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/raed.academy\/?p=172089"},"modified":"2025-10-12T11:57:12","modified_gmt":"2025-10-12T11:57:12","slug":"lexemple-del-tribunal-constitucional-alemany","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/raed.academy\/ca\/lexemple-del-tribunal-constitucional-alemany\/","title":{"rendered":"L’exemple del Tribunal Constitucional alemany"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Daniel

Dr. Daniel Berzosa<\/p><\/div>\n

Daniel Berzosa<\/strong><\/em><\/a>, professor de\u00a0Dret\u00a0Constitucional i\u00a0Drets\u00a0Fonamentals\u00a0de\u00a0Cunef\u00a0Universitat<\/strong>, de l’Institut d’Estudis Borsaris<\/strong> i de l’Institut d’Empresa-Law & Business School<\/strong>, membre de l’Acad\u00e8mia Global<\/strong> i del Consell Cient\u00edfic<\/strong> del col\u00b7lectiu internacional Citizens pro Europe<\/strong> i acad\u00e8mic numerari i membre de la Junta de Govern<\/strong> de la Reial Acad\u00e8mia Europea de Doctors<\/strong> (RAED), va publicar el passat 13 d’agost a la destacada secci\u00f3 “La Tercera”<\/strong> del diari “ABC”<\/strong> l’article “El TC debe ser un \u00f3rgano deliberante”<\/strong>, en el qual explica, a partir de les tesis d’altres experts, com funciona el Tribunal Constitucional<\/strong> alemany, considerat un model gr\u00e0cies a la seva estructura deliberativa i la seva cultura de consens. Per a Berzosa, aquest model no nom\u00e9s millora la qualitat jur\u00eddica, sin\u00f3 que tamb\u00e9 el protegeix de la polititzaci\u00f3 i la desconfian\u00e7a social davant el model polaritzat espanyol.<\/p>\n

L’acad\u00e8mic cita la jurista alemanya Gertrude L\u00fcbbe-Wolff<\/strong>, exmagistrada del mateix tribunal, que analitza al seu llibre “Consulta de culturas. El funcionamiento de los tribunales constitucionales y qu\u00e9 determina si se integran o polarizan”<\/strong> les claus d’aquest \u00e8xit institucional, defensant que la deliberaci\u00f3 estructurada i les decisions conjuntes enforteixen tant la qualitat de les sent\u00e8ncies com la legitimitat del tribunal. L’autora explica que aquest estil de treball no respon a un tret cultural, sin\u00f3 a un disseny institucional pensat per promoure el di\u00e0leg racional i evitar la confrontaci\u00f3. A aquest tribunal, les decisions no es prenen fins a esgotar el debat, i totes les opinions, fins i tot les minorit\u00e0ries, s’escolten amb serietat. Aquest m\u00e8tode evita la polaritzaci\u00f3 interna i fomenta una cooperaci\u00f3 entre jutges que contrasta amb els models individualistes d’altres sistemes judicials.<\/p>\n

Una difer\u00e8ncia central amb altres pa\u00efsos, assenyala L\u00fcbbe-Wolff i comparteix Berzosa, \u00e9s que a Alemanya la majoria s’ha d’assolir no nom\u00e9s per dictar sent\u00e8ncia, sin\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 per a la seva motivaci\u00f3 jur\u00eddica. Aix\u00f2 obliga els magistrats a buscar una fonamentaci\u00f3 compartida, elevant la coher\u00e8ncia del Dret Constitucional. El llibre compara aquest model amb el dels sistemes anglosaxons de Common Law, on cada jutge sol redactar la seva pr\u00f2pia opini\u00f3 (Seriatim), davant l’enfocament col\u00b7lectiu del Per Curiam caracter\u00edstic del Dret Civil. En el cas alemany, la cultura de deliberaci\u00f3 es refor\u00e7a amb una arquitectura institucional equilibrada: els jutges s\u00f3n elegits per una majoria de dos ter\u00e7os, el que for\u00e7a acords pol\u00edtics amplis i evita nomenaments ideol\u00f2gics o polaritzadors.<\/p>\n

Berzosa explica com L\u00fcbbe-Wolff subratlla tamb\u00e9 el paper del magistrat ponent, encarregat d’elaborar un informe inicial que guia les deliberacions i assegura un debat informat des del seu comen\u00e7ament. Les decions es construeixen col\u00b7lectivament, mitjan\u00e7ant successives rondes de discussi\u00f3 i revisi\u00f3. El consens sol assolir-se sense votacions formals, en un ambient de respecte i flexibilitat. La confidencialitat \u00e9s un altre element essencial. A difer\u00e8ncia de pa\u00efsos on les deliberacions judicials s\u00f3n p\u00fabliques, a Alemanya els debats es fan a porta tancada, el que permet llibertat d’opini\u00f3 i evita l’exposici\u00f3 medi\u00e0tica. Tot i que els jutges poden presentar vots particulars, el seu \u00fas \u00e9s limitat, ja que la majoria intenta incorporar les objeccions de les minories al text final.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Tobias Helfrich<\/a>, CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a>, via Wikimedia Commons<\/p><\/div>\n

L’acad\u00e8mic conclou que l’an\u00e0lisi de la reconeguda jurista alemanya deixa una lli\u00e7\u00f3 institucional: les regles modelen el comportament dels jutges. “L’\u00e8xit del Tribunal Constitucional alemany prova que les estructures dialogants augmenten la legitimitat del Dret Constitucional en contextos democr\u00e0tics davant desafiaments com la polaritzaci\u00f3 pol\u00edtica o la pressi\u00f3 medi\u00e0tica. Aix\u00f2 \u00e9s fonamental per a la just\u00edcia constitucional. Els tribunals constitucionals han de contribuir no nom\u00e9s a assegurar jur\u00eddicament la supremacia normativa de la Constituci\u00f3<\/strong>, sin\u00f3 al millor desenvolupament del sistema democr\u00e0tic”, considera Berzosa.<\/p>\n

L’acad\u00e8mic, d’altra banda, va participar el passat 4 d’octubre a Canal Extremadura<\/strong> per explicar les contradiccions que existeixen entre el redactat de l’Estatut d’Autonomia d’Extremadura<\/strong> i el reglament del Parlament<\/strong> d’aquesta comunitat aut\u00f2noma en relaci\u00f3 amb la convocat\u00f2ria d’eleccions anticipades i, si escau, la durada de la legislatura, assegurant que, com norma de rang superior, s’imposa sempre el recollit per l’Estatut. “Preval el que diu l’Estatut, ja que \u00e9s una norma superior al que pugui dir el reglament parlamentari, sobretot quan aquest \u00faltim restringeix aquesta disposici\u00f3 que es va introduir el 2011”, va explicar Berzosa. Si la controv\u00e8rsia arrib\u00e9s davant el Tribunal Constitucional, el Reglament de l’Assemblea<\/strong>, que limita la legislatura, \u00e9s inaplicable. “En cas d’arribar a un tribunal, aquella part del reglament seria inaplicable, perqu\u00e8 \u00e9s una norma inferior i contradiu a la superior, i t\u00e9 un contingut restrictiu respecte al que disposa l’Estatut”, va concloure.<\/p>\n

Berzosa\u00a0\u00e9s membre de la\u00a0Societat\u00a0de\u00a0Diplom\u00e0cia\u00a0i\u00a0Ci\u00e8ncies\u00a0Pol\u00edtiques\u00a0dels\u00a0Estats Units<\/strong>, coordinador de l’Observatori Internacional de la Regulaci\u00f3 de les Entitats del Sector P\u00fablic<\/strong> de la Universitat de Santiago de Compostel\u00b7la<\/strong>, membre dels comit\u00e8s organitzadors dels congressos del World Law Congress<\/strong> de Cartagena de Indias 2021 i Madrid 2019 i autor de llibres i articles cient\u00edfics publicats en revistes de prestigi. \u00c9s aix\u00ed mateix un reconegut divulgador de temes legals i ci\u00e8ncies pol\u00edtiques en els principals mitjans de comunicaci\u00f3 espanyols.<\/p>\n

Llegiu l’article d'”ABC”<\/a><\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Daniel Berzosa explica, a partir de les tesis d’altres experts, com funciona el Tribunal Constitucional alemany, considerat un model gr\u00e0cies a la seva estructura deliberativa i la seva cultura de consens, a l’article “El TC debe ser un \u00f3rgano deliberante”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":172147,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[176,225],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-172089","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-academics-a-la-societat","category-dret","et-has-post-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"yoast_head":"\nL'exemple del Tribunal Constitucional alemany - Reial Acad\u00e8mia Europea de Doctors<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Daniel Berzosa explica com funciona el Tribunal 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