{"id":170827,"date":"2025-10-06T08:26:00","date_gmt":"2025-10-06T08:26:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/raed.academy\/?p=170827"},"modified":"2025-10-06T08:28:52","modified_gmt":"2025-10-06T08:28:52","slug":"la-tragedia-dels-refugiats","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/raed.academy\/ca\/la-tragedia-dels-refugiats\/","title":{"rendered":"La trag\u00e8dia dels refugiats"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"August

Dr. August Corominas<\/p><\/div>\n

August Corominas<\/strong><\/em><\/a>, professor de Fisiologia Humana de la Universitat de M\u00farcia<\/strong> i de la Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona<\/strong> i acad\u00e8mic em\u00e8rit de la Reial Acad\u00e8mia Europea de Doctors<\/strong> (RAED), comparteix amb la comunitat acad\u00e8mica l’article “Refugiats”<\/strong>, en el qual aborda la trag\u00e8dia dels despla\u00e7ats pels greus conflictes b\u00e8l\u00b7lics actuals. L’acad\u00e8mic ha compartit recentment en aquesta publicaci\u00f3 els articles Els secrets de la longevitat i les ‘zones blaves’<\/strong><\/a>, “Atenci\u00f3 a les caigudes, de nit i de dia”<\/strong><\/a>,\u00a0“La bona vida i la vida bona”<\/strong><\/a>, “Vida biol\u00f2gica i Vida Qu\u00e0ntica”<\/strong><\/a>, “Hospitals intel\u00b7ligents”<\/strong><\/a>, “Cosmon\u00e0utica i medicina espacial”<\/strong><\/a>, “El maltractament i la seva gesti\u00f3”<\/strong><\/a>, “Biologia qu\u00e0ntica”<\/strong><\/a>, “El negre de Banyoles (boixim\u00e0 o hotentot)”<\/strong><\/a>, “Polidact\u00edlia”<\/strong><\/a>, “Adolesc\u00e8ncia, edat cr\u00edtica de la vida humana”<\/strong><\/a>, “Les sirenes, il\u00b7lusi\u00f3 de navegants i homes de mar”<\/strong><\/a>, “Alimentaci\u00f3 b\u00edblica: aliments purs i aliments impurs”<\/strong><\/a>,\u00a0“Els fam\u00e8lics de Gaza”<\/strong><\/a>, “Sexologia a l’adolesc\u00e8ncia i a la somatopausa: (andropausa i menopausa)<\/strong><\/a> i “Ciberatacs, ciberguerra i ciberseguretat”<\/strong><\/a>. A m\u00e9s \u00e9s autor d’un dels cap\u00edtols del llibre “Vitalidad al envejecer. Si lo deseas, puedes vivir m\u00e1s a\u00f1os con salud”<\/strong>, editat per la Reial Corporaci\u00f3 amb el suport de Vichy Catal\u00e1n<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Refugiats<\/h2>\n

S\u00f3n 120 milions. De\u00a0S\u00edria<\/span>,\u00a0Afganistan<\/span>,\u00a0Ucra\u00efna<\/span>,\u00a0L\u00edban<\/span>, Congo…. La xifra m\u00e9s alta des de de la\u00a0Segona Guerra Mundial<\/span>. Persecucions, conflictes, viol\u00e8ncia i violacions als drets humans sobre nens, ancians i dones. L’ACNUR<\/strong>, l’alt comissionat de les Nacions Unides<\/span><\/strong> per als refugiats, treballa a m\u00e9s de 130 pa\u00efsos per recuperar els drets humans, perqu\u00e8 la vida dels refugiats \u00e9s morir en vida.<\/p>\n

A finals de juny del 2024, el nombre total de persones despla\u00e7ades per la for\u00e7a al m\u00f3n va assolir els 122,6 milions, segons dades de la pr\u00f2pia ACNUR. D’aquesta xifra, aproximadament 43,7 milions eren persones refugiades, incloent 32 milions sota el mandat de l’ACNUR i 6 milions de refugiats palestins assistits per l\u2019ag\u00e8ncia espec\u00edfica de l’ONU UNRWA<\/span><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\"\"La vida del refugiat \u00e9s un viure sense vida. Amb angoixa. Sense prou serveis, aliments molt limitats. Seguretat m\u00ednima. La majoria d’ells troben refugi en pa\u00efsos ve\u00efns dels seus llocs d\u2019origen. Els pa\u00efsos que acullen m\u00e9s refugiats s\u00f3n l’Iran<\/span>\u00a0(m\u00e9s de 3 milions, principalment afganesos),\u00a0Turquia<\/span>\u00a0(m\u00e9s de 3 milions, majorit\u00e0riament sirians),\u00a0Jord\u00e0nia<\/span>\u00a0(acull m\u00e9s de 2 milions de refugiats palestins),\u00a0Alemanya<\/span>\u00a0(\u00e9s el principal pa\u00eds receptor de refugiats a Europa),\u00a0Col\u00f2mbia<\/span>\u00a0(ha rebut un gran nombre de refugiats vene\u00e7olans),\u00a0Pakistan<\/span>\u00a0(acull una significativa poblaci\u00f3 de refugiats afganesos), Uganda (allotja refugiats de pa\u00efsos ve\u00efns afectats per conflictes) i\u00a0Espanya<\/span> (migrants procedents del nord de l’\u00c0frica<\/span>).<\/p>\n

El 75% de les persones refugiades i altres que necessiten protecci\u00f3 internacional es troben en pa\u00efsos d\u2019ingressos baixos i mitjans. Los<\/span>\u00a0nens i nenes representen el 40% del total de despla\u00e7ats per la for\u00e7a al m\u00f3n, malgrat constituir nom\u00e9s el 30% de la poblaci\u00f3 mundial.\u00a0Aquestes<\/span> xifres reflecteixen la magnitud i complexitat de les crisis de despla\u00e7ament for\u00e7at a nivell global, subratllant la necessitat de solucions sostenibles i cooperaci\u00f3 internacional.<\/p>\n

La vida dels refugiats<\/h3>\n

Un percentatge enorme de la poblaci\u00f3 de Gaza est\u00e0 despla\u00e7ada internament. Moltes persones han hagut de marxar diverses vegades per fugir dels bombardejos i dels ordres d\u2019evacuaci\u00f3. Les infraestructures b\u00e0siques (aigua potable, sanitat, electricitat, hospitals…) estan molt fetes malb\u00e9 o no funcionen correctament.<\/p>\n

Principals dificultats que enfronten a les persones despla\u00e7ades<\/h3>\n

Aigua i sanejament:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Molts pous, plantes de dessalinitzaci\u00f3 o dip\u00f2sits estan destru\u00efts. La quantitat d’aigua neta disponible per persona sovint est\u00e0 molt per sota del m\u00ednim d\u2019emerg\u00e8ncia. Instal\u00b7lacions<\/span> de lavabos, dutxes, clavegueram i instal\u00b7lacions sanit\u00e0ries senzilles tamb\u00e9 col\u00b7lapsades o inexistents a molts refugis.<\/li>\n
  • Malalties relacionades amb l\u2019aigua (diarrees, problemes d\u2019est\u00f3mac, malalties de la pell). Higiene personal molt limitada (rentar-se, dutxar-se, rentar roba). Aquesta situaci\u00f3 dificulta mantenir la salut, sobretot per als nens i persones amb sistema immunitari debilitat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Menjar<\/span> i nutrici\u00f3:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Escassetat de menjar<\/span>, sovint les fam\u00edlies han de reduir racions o saltar\u00a0menjars<\/span>. Pocs aliments variats: casi sempre cereals, poques prote\u00efnes, molt poca fruita i verdura. En molts casos, la impossibilitat de comprar aliments b\u00e0sics a causa del preu, al transport o a la falta de diners.<\/li>\n
    • Malnutrici\u00f3, sobretot infantil. La poblaci\u00f3 ha d\u2019escollir entre\u00a0menjar<\/span> o altres necessitats com la higiene, l’energia, etc… Condicions de salut generals molt empitjorades.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Salut i atenci\u00f3 m\u00e8dica:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Centres de salut destru\u00efts o inoperatius. Manca de medicaments b\u00e0sics, material sanitari, i personal m\u00e8dic. Ambul\u00e0ncies o trasllats perillosos. La salut mental \u00e9s afectada: trauma per la viol\u00e8ncia, p\u00e8rdues, incertesa.<\/li>\n
      • Mort neonatal o complicacions en l\u2019embar\u00e0s. M\u00e9s risc de mort per malalties que normalment serien tractables. Malalties que es propaguen r\u00e0pidament en camps i zones de gran concentraci\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Habitatge \/ refugi:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Moltes persones viuen en refugis temporals, botigues<\/span>\u00a0o escoles adaptades\u00a0com<\/span> refugis. Refugis molt sovint sobreocupats. Falta de privacitat, condicions higi\u00e8niques molt dolentes, poca ventilaci\u00f3 o protecci\u00f3 contra el fred o la calor.<\/li>\n
        • Tensi\u00f3 emocional i psicol\u00f2gica. Problemes de salut addicionals per exposici\u00f3 a elements (pluja, calor, etc…). Dificultat per mantenir una vida quotidiana normal: cuinar, dormir, descansar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Seguretat i mobilitat:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Bombardejos continus, ordres d\u2019evacuaci\u00f3 canviants, zones de combat que es desplacen.<\/li>\n
          • Pocs llocs segurs, fins i tot llocs que es consideraven segurs han estat atacats o estan exposats. Problemes per accedir a punts d\u2019ajuda humanit\u00e0ria per inseguretat o obstacles militars.<\/li>\n
          • Les persones sovint han d’escollir entre quedar-se en perill o moure’s a llocs pitjors o menys equipats. Despla\u00e7aments repetits desgasten f\u00edsicament i mentalment. Aix\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 dificulta l’aportaci\u00f3 d’ajuda: log\u00edstica complicad\u00edssima.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Higiene, dignitat i aspectes espec\u00edfics per a grups vulnerables:<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Per a les dones, falta de productes d’higiene femenina, privacitat insuficient per canviar-se o rentar-se. Persones grans, persones amb discapacitat es troben en desavantatge per moure’s, accedir a serveis, etc… Els nens pateixen molt, no nom\u00e9s per salut, tamb\u00e9 per l\u2019interruptor constant de l’educaci\u00f3, pels traumes…<\/li>\n
            • Empitjorament de la dignitat humana. Alt risc de viol\u00e8ncia sexual o d’ab\u00fas ateses<\/span>\u00a0les condicions de refugi. Impacte a llarg termini en desenvolupament dels nens, tant f\u00edsic\u00a0com a<\/span> emocional.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              En molts llocs la gent ha de fer cues<\/span>\u00a0llargues per aconseguir un sol\u00a0menjar<\/span> del dia a les cuines de caritat. Per l’aigua, moltes fam\u00edlies han de caminar quil\u00f2metres, portar bidons i esperar molt de temps per omplir-los. L\u2019aigua disponible sovint est\u00e0 contaminada.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              August Corominas aborda la trag\u00e8dia dels despla\u00e7ats pels greus conflictes b\u00e8l\u00b7lics actuals, que sumen la xifra m\u00e9s alta des de la Segona Guerra Mundial, al seu darrer article “Refugiats”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[455,350,380,225,242,213,472],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-170827","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ciencies-de-la-salut","category-ciencies-politiques","category-conflictes-bellics","category-dret","category-categ-historia","category-medicina-i-cirurgia","category-psiquiatria-i-psicologia","et-doesnt-have-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"yoast_head":"\nLa trag\u00e8dia dels refugiats - Reial Acad\u00e8mia Europea de Doctors<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"August Corominas aborda la trag\u00e8dia dels despla\u00e7ats pels greus conflictes b\u00e8l\u00b7lics actuals, al seu darrer article "Refugiats"\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/raed.academy\/ca\/la-tragedia-dels-refugiats\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La trag\u00e8dia dels refugiats - 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