{"id":152066,"date":"2024-07-28T07:37:22","date_gmt":"2024-07-28T07:37:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/raed.academy\/?p=152066"},"modified":"2024-07-28T07:56:31","modified_gmt":"2024-07-28T07:56:31","slug":"la-panacea-farmacologica-de-les-pedres-betzoars","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/raed.academy\/ca\/la-panacea-farmacologica-de-les-pedres-betzoars\/","title":{"rendered":"La panacea farmacol\u00f2gica de les pedres betzoars"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Dr.

Dr. Francisco L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz<\/p><\/div>\n

Francisco L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz<\/strong><\/em><\/a>, catedr\u00e0tic de Farmacologia i vicerector de Recerca, Ci\u00e8ncia i Doctorat de la Universitat Camilo Jos\u00e9 Cela<\/strong>, membre fundador del Comit\u00e8 d’Observaci\u00f3<\/strong> de l’Observatori de Drets Humans d’Espanya<\/strong>, acad\u00e8mic corresponent de la Reial Acad\u00e8mia de Medicina del Pa\u00eds Basc<\/strong>, membre de l’Acad\u00e8mia de les Ci\u00e8ncies i les Arts Militars<\/strong> i acad\u00e8mic de n\u00famero de la Reial Acad\u00e8mia Europea de Doctors-Barcelona 1914<\/strong> (RAED), completa una curiosa s\u00e8rie sobre la hist\u00f2ria de la medicina i els remeis farmacol\u00f2gics al llarg dels segles i les cultures a l’article “Los ant\u00eddotos y panaceas de origen marino y de ultramar durante la Edad Moderna, parte 2: las piedras bezoales”<\/strong>, publicat al n\u00famero 186 de “Proa a la mar”<\/strong>, revista de la Reial Lliga Naval Espanyola<\/strong>, corresponent al primer semestre de l’any 2023. L’article completa al que es va publicar fa un any en aquesta mateixa revista amb el t\u00edtol “Los ant\u00eddotos y panaceas de origen marino y de ultramar durante la Edad Moderna, parte 1: El cuerno de unicornio”<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

L’expert inicia el seu estudi assenyalant com durant el Renaixement l’\u00fas dels verins va adquirir una transcend\u00e8ncia enorme per la seva utilitat militar, criminal o pol\u00edtica. Precisament aquests dos \u00faltims usos van aconseguir una monumental cota de virtuosisme, com va succeir a la It\u00e0lia del papat dels Borgia<\/strong> i dels cardenals florentins, que fins i tot van desenvolupar el seu propi ver\u00ed, anomenat “cantarella”, “Acquetta di Perugia” o “Acqua di Napoli”, o a la cort francesa de Caterina de M\u00e8dici<\/strong>, cosa que va permetre encunyar el concepte d'”art de l’enverinament”. Un fet que donen fe moltes obres liter\u00e0ries, que van fer dels verins una de les trames m\u00e9s recorregudes. “La major part dels verins eren d’origen vegetal, destacant la cicuta o l’ac\u00f2nit, i un nombre considerablement menor estava constitu\u00eft per minerals, entre els quals destacava l’ars\u00e8nic. La resta procedia del regne animal, especialment temut, com els verins de serps i escorpins. El coneixement de les propietats t\u00f2xiques (i fins i tot terap\u00e8utiques) dels verins va ser de gran inter\u00e8s per als metges de l’\u00e8poca, i per tot aix\u00f2, el recurs als ant\u00eddots generals o panacees per al tractament dels enverinaments tamb\u00e9 va ser una pr\u00e0ctica habitual i lucrativa des del per\u00edode renaixentista, amb la banya d’unicorn i les pedres betzoars com a principals panacees”, explica.<\/p>\n

\"\"En aquest context emergeix la figura d’Andr\u00e9s Laguna<\/strong>, fill de metge judeoconvers considerat com una de les figures m\u00e9s brillants de la cultura europea de l’\u00e8poca i un exemple protot\u00edpic de cient\u00edfic humanista de l’\u00e8poca, una figura a qui L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz ha dedicat diversos articles i estudis. Va ser un dels experts de l’\u00e8poca a sistematitzar el remei, profusament defensat pel seu coetani Nicol\u00e1s Monardes<\/strong>. Es tractava d’unes pedres que inicialment es van considerar un mineral procedent de l’\u00cdndia, tot i que posteriorment es va confirmar que es tractava d’un c\u00e0lcul engendrat en certa zona de l’est\u00f3mac o a la ves\u00edcula biliar d’algunes esp\u00e8cies d’animals i m\u00e9s freq\u00fcentment en porcs espins, c\u00e9rvols i cabres, tot i que tamb\u00e9 se n’han trobat en alguns r\u00e8ptils i peixos.<\/p>\n

“La pedra betzoar, al costat de la banya d’unicorn, va ser considerada des de l’Edat Mitjana com un ant\u00eddot insuperable, molt m\u00e9s efica\u00e7 que qualsevol altre remei, simple o compost. Aquestes pedres s\u00f3n esmentades en escrits hebreus i les seves propietats alexif\u00e0rmaces s\u00f3n recollides a la literatura m\u00e8dica \u00e0rab. Aquesta idea va perdurar durant tot el Renaixement i les pedres betzoars es van mantenir a les farmacopees europees fins al segle XIX”, explica L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz.<\/p>\n

Reconegut divulgador de la hist\u00f2ria contempor\u00e0nia, la literatura espanyola dels Segles d’Or i la medicina i farmacologia, L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz \u00e9s doctor en Medicina i Cirurgia i doctor en Llengua i Literatura Espanyoles, especialista en Medicina Farmac\u00e8utica i diplomat en Estudis sobre l’Holocaust per l’Escola Internacional per als Estudis de l’Holocaust<\/strong> de Iad Vaixem, a Jerusalem. \u00c9s investigador de l’Institut de Recerca Hospital 12 d’Octubre<\/strong> de Madrid<\/strong> i membre de prestigioses acad\u00e8mies cient\u00edfiques internacionals. Ha participat en nombroses investigacions i \u00e9s autor de monografies i articles a les seves \u00e0rees de recerca i recentment ha estat reconegut com a professor honor\u00edfic de la Gu\u00e0rdia Civil<\/strong>.
<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Francisco L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz completa una curiosa s\u00e8rie sobre la hist\u00f2ria de la medicina i els remeis farmacol\u00f2gics al llarg dels segles i les cultures a l’article\u00a0“Els ant\u00eddots i panacees d’origen mar\u00ed i d’ultramar durant l’Edat Moderna, part 2: les pedres bezoars”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":152103,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[455,442,242],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-152066","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ciencies-de-la-salut","category-ciencies-farmaceutiques-ciencies-de-la-salut","category-categ-historia","et-has-post-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"yoast_head":"\nLa panacea farmacol\u00f2gica de les pedres betzoars - Reial Acad\u00e8mia Europea de Doctors<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Francisco L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz completa una curiosa s\u00e8rie sobre la hist\u00f2ria de la medicina i els remeis farmacol\u00f2gics al llarg dels segles\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/raed.academy\/ca\/la-panacea-farmacologica-de-les-pedres-betzoars\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La panacea farmacol\u00f2gica de les pedres betzoars - 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