{"id":144534,"date":"2024-01-26T15:25:51","date_gmt":"2024-01-26T15:25:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/raed.academy\/?p=144534"},"modified":"2024-01-26T15:26:34","modified_gmt":"2024-01-26T15:26:34","slug":"el-codi-detica-medica-de-nuremberg","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/raed.academy\/ca\/el-codi-detica-medica-de-nuremberg\/","title":{"rendered":"El Codi d’\u00c8tica M\u00e8dica de Nuremberg"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"

Dr. L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz<\/p><\/div>\n

Francisco L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz<\/strong><\/em><\/a>, professor de Farmacologia i vicerector de Recerca, Ci\u00e8ncia i Doctorat de la Universitat Camilo Jos\u00e9 Cela<\/strong>, membre fundador del Comit\u00e8 d’Observaci\u00f3<\/strong> de l’Observatori de Drets Humans d’Espanya<\/strong>, acad\u00e8mic corresponent de la Reial Acad\u00e8mia de Medicina del Pa\u00eds Basc<\/strong>, membre de l’Acad\u00e8mia de les Ci\u00e8ncies i les Arts Militars<\/strong> i acad\u00e8mic de n\u00famero de la Reial Acad\u00e8mia Europea de Doctors-Barcelona 1914<\/strong> (RAED), reflexiona sobre el Codi d’\u00c8tica M\u00e8dica de Nuremberg<\/strong>, que regula els principis sobre l’experimentaci\u00f3 amb \u00e9ssers humans fruit dels Judicis de Nuremberg<\/strong> al final de la Segona Guerra Mundial, a l’article “Un legado at\u00edpico de los cr\u00edmenes nazis: el c\u00f3digo de N\u00faremberg, espejo biom\u00e9dico de la Declaraci\u00f3n de Derechos Humanos”<\/strong>, publicat el 17 de desembre passat al diari “El Espa\u00f1ol”<\/strong>. L’acad\u00e8mic aprofita la commemoraci\u00f3 del 75\u00e8 aniversari de la Declaraci\u00f3 Universal dels Drets Humans<\/strong>, aprovada per l’Assemblea General<\/strong> de les Nacions Unides<\/strong> el 10 de desembre del 1948, per referir-se a aquest altre text cabdal de l’assist\u00e8ncia sanit\u00e0ria i de la recerca biom\u00e8dica.<\/p>\n

“Aquest proc\u00e9s va treure a la llum un pervers sistema de destrucci\u00f3 de la consci\u00e8ncia social alemanya que, en el seu vessant sanitari, va suposar la institucionalitzaci\u00f3 de conductes criminals en mat\u00e8ria de salut p\u00fablica, higiene racial i recerca humana. Des del moment en qu\u00e8 Adolf Hitler<\/strong> va assolir la Cancelleria d’Alemanya<\/strong> el 1933, el menyscabament en mat\u00e8ria d’\u00e8tica m\u00e8dica va anar avan\u00e7ant progressivament, amb la complicitat i participaci\u00f3 activa del col\u00b7lectiu sanitari”, assenyala L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz, qui recorda a l’article com entre les diferents formes de violaci\u00f3 deontol\u00f2gica es van incloure la implementaci\u00f3 de les lleis de segregaci\u00f3 racial i protecci\u00f3 de la ra\u00e7a \u00e0ria, els programes d’esterilitzaci\u00f3 for\u00e7ada i, en el marc de les lleis per a la prevenci\u00f3 de les malalties heredit\u00e0ries de la descend\u00e8ncia, els programes d’eutan\u00e0sia de discapacitats mentals i f\u00edsics, els experiments m\u00e8dics en discapacitats i en presoners sans internats a camps de concentraci\u00f3, la participaci\u00f3 en els processos de selecci\u00f3 dels camps i fins i tot en l’assassinat actiu de presoners innocents.<\/p>\n

\"\"Per a l’expert, molts metges van acceptar que les lleis eugen\u00e8siques estaven concebudes per al benefici de la naci\u00f3 i deixar aix\u00ed un llegat de salut a les generacions futures, molts d’altres sanitaris ho van justificar tot pel seu lliurament a la ci\u00e8ncia, fins i tot els inhumans experiments comesos en els camps de concentraci\u00f3, mentre d’altres es definien com a patriotes immersos en una guerra. “Per\u00f2 com sol passar en alguns moments de la hist\u00f2ria, les trag\u00e8dies poden servir d’abonament a salut\u00edferes collites. Aix\u00ed, en resposta a les atrocitats comeses, va sorgir el primer codi internacional d’\u00e8tica per a la investigaci\u00f3 amb \u00e9ssers humans, el Codi de Nuremberg, publicat el 19 d’agost de 1947 sota el precepte hipocr\u00e0tic ‘primun non nocere’ (el primer \u00e9s no fer dany). Aquest Codi, impregnat de la mateixa filosofia que un any despr\u00e9s es va plasmar a la Declaraci\u00f3 Universal dels Drets Humans, va establir les normes per dur a terme experiments amb \u00e9ssers humans, incidint especialment en l’obtenci\u00f3 del consentiment voluntari de la persona, que des de llavors s’ha considerat com la pedra angular de la protecci\u00f3 dels drets dels pacients”, assenyala.<\/p>\n

Despr\u00e9s del Codi de Nuremberg, recorda l’expert, van apar\u00e8ixer els primers codis espec\u00edfics en mat\u00e8ria de bio\u00e8tica, com ara la Declaraci\u00f3 de Ginebra<\/strong> (1948), el Codi Internacional d’\u00c8tica M\u00e8dica<\/strong> (1949), la Declaraci\u00f3 de H\u00e8lsinki<\/strong> de l’Assemblea M\u00e8dica Mundial<\/strong> (1964), l’Informe Belmont<\/strong> (1978), les Pautes \u00c8tiques Internacionals per a la Recerca Biom\u00e8dica en \u00c9ssers Humans<\/strong> (2002) de l’Organitzaci\u00f3 Mundial de la Salut<\/strong> o la Declaraci\u00f3 Universal sobre Bio\u00e8tica i Drets Humans<\/strong> de la Unesco<\/strong> (2005).<\/p>\n

Reconegut divulgador de la hist\u00f2ria contempor\u00e0nia, la literatura espanyola dels Segles d’Or i la medicina i farmacologia, L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz \u00e9s doctor en Medicina i Cirurgia i doctor en Llengua i Literatura Espanyoles, especialista en Medicina Farmac\u00e8utica i diplomat en Estudis sobre l’Holocaust per l’Escola Internacional per als Estudis de l’Holocaust<\/strong> de Yad Vashem, a Jerusalem. \u00c9s investigador de l’Institut de Recerca Hospital 12 d’Octubre<\/strong> de Madrid i membre de prestigioses acad\u00e8miques cient\u00edfiques internacionals. Ha participat en nombroses investigacions i \u00e9s autor de monografies i articles a les seves \u00e0rees de recerca.<\/p>\n

Llegiu l’article<\/strong><\/a><\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Francisco L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz reflexiona sobre el Codi d’\u00c8tica M\u00e8dica de Nuremberg, que regula els principis que regeixen l’experimentaci\u00f3 amb \u00e9ssers humans fruit dels judicis de Nuremberg al final de la Segona Guerra Mundial<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":144462,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[455,380,225,496,242,213],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-144534","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ciencies-de-la-salut","category-conflictes-bellics","category-dret","category-educacio-etica-i-valors-ca","category-categ-historia","category-medicina-i-cirurgia","et-has-post-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"yoast_head":"\nEl Codi d'\u00c8tica M\u00e8dica de Nuremberg - Reial Acad\u00e8mia Europea de Doctors<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Francisco L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz reflexiona sobre el Codi d'\u00c8tica M\u00e8dica de Nuremberg, que regula els principis que el regeixen\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/raed.academy\/ca\/el-codi-detica-medica-de-nuremberg\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"El Codi d'\u00c8tica M\u00e8dica de Nuremberg - 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