{"id":140249,"date":"2023-11-10T11:01:38","date_gmt":"2023-11-10T11:01:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/raed.academy\/?p=140249"},"modified":"2023-11-10T11:01:38","modified_gmt":"2023-11-10T11:01:38","slug":"la-medicina-tradicional-al-llarg-de-segles-i-civilitzacions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/raed.academy\/ca\/la-medicina-tradicional-al-llarg-de-segles-i-civilitzacions\/","title":{"rendered":"La medicina tradicional al llarg de segles i civilitzacions"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Dr.Joaqu\u00edn<\/p>\n

Joaqu\u00edn Callabed<\/strong><\/em><\/a>, president del Club de Pediatria Social<\/strong>, acad\u00e8mic corresponent de la Reial Acad\u00e8mia de Medicina de Catalunya<\/strong> i acad\u00e8mic de n\u00famero i vicepresident de la Secci\u00f3 de Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut de la Reial Acad\u00e8mia Europea de Doctors-Barcelona 1914<\/strong> (RAED), presenta a la comunitat acad\u00e8mica una s\u00e8rie de reflexions sobre la hist\u00f2ria i la import\u00e0ncia de les plantes medicinals des dels albors de la humanitat en diverses civilitzacions, recollides als articles “Las plantas medicinales en el Antiguo Egipto”<\/span><\/span><\/strong>,<\/span><\/span> “Plantas medicinales en la medicina hebrea”<\/span><\/span><\/strong>, <\/span><\/span>“Las plantas medicinales de la India”<\/span><\/span><\/strong>, <\/span><\/span>“Las plantas medicinales de Mesopotamia”<\/span><\/span><\/strong>,<\/span><\/span> “Las plantas medicinales en Persia”<\/span><\/span><\/strong>,<\/span><\/span> “Confucio y las plantas medicinales en China”<\/span><\/span><\/strong> i<\/span><\/span> “Las plantas medicinales de Jap\u00f3n”<\/span><\/span><\/strong>, publicats entre els passats 8 d’octubre i 7 de novembre a la secci\u00f3 “Lectores expertos”<\/strong> de l’edici\u00f3 digital del diari “La Vanguardia”<\/strong>, de la comunitat de lectors de la qual forma part activa.<\/p>\n

A “Las plantas medicinales en el Antiguo Egipto”, l’acad\u00e8mic explica com al papir d’Ebers, descobert a Luxor el 1873, trobem un miler de prescripcions terap\u00e8utiques. “Els egipcis utilitzaven les plantes en infusi\u00f3, pols, pasta, oli, supositoris, fumigacions, rentats, irrigacions, locions, liniments i col\u00b7liris. La medicina podia ser administrada per un metge, per un mag o per un sacerdot de la deessa Skhmet<\/strong>. Administraven els medicaments barrejats amb cervesa, vi, aigua i mel, l’oli era poc emprat i preferien triturar els grans oleaginosos com el s\u00e8sam, el ric\u00ed o el lli i barrejar-lo amb la pols de la planta escollida, de vegades s’afegia la farina d’una gram\u00ednia com a blat o ordi”, detalla.<\/p>\n

Per la seva banda, a “Plantas medicinales en la medicina hebrea”, assenyala que aquesta cultura m\u00e8dica \u00e9s te\u00fargica, comunicada amb divinitats, i inclosa a la B\u00edblia<\/strong> i el Talmud<\/strong> i deutora en bona part de la medicina de l’Antic Egipte. “La cultura m\u00e8dica dels hebreus \u00e9s b\u00e0sicament te\u00fargica, \u00e9s a dir, comunicada amb les seves divinitats que operaven prodigis. Tota la seva ci\u00e8ncia est\u00e0 inclosa a la B\u00edblia i posteriorment al Talmud: ‘Jo s\u00f3c el teu Senyor, i nom\u00e9s jo, el teu metge’. A la sortida d’Egipte, els hebreus van portar uns coneixements pr\u00e0ctics elementals, que van permetre a Mois\u00e8s<\/strong> redactar les lleis d’higiene ben conegudes. Despr\u00e9s del retorn de la captivitat de Babil\u00f2nia, la medicina va comen\u00e7ar a ser universalment practicada i reconeguda”, explica l’expert.<\/p>\n

A “Las plantas medicinales de la India”, Callabed aborda el paper dels sacerdots de la casta dels brahmants, a qui se’ls pot considerar iniciadors de la medicina hind\u00fa. “A l’\u00cdndia es va crear una terap\u00e8utica suau i espiritual. El ioga \u00e9s un bon exemple, que encara subsisteix. Els sacerdots de la casta dels brahmants, anomenats megostens, fan servir mitjans m\u00e9s racionals i se’ls pot considerar com a iniciadors de la medicina hind\u00fa, en contraposici\u00f3 als vaidis, el car\u00e0cter dels quals b\u00e0sicament sacerdotal els indu\u00efa a emprar conjurs i sacrificis per anul\u00b7lar el poder dels d\u00e9us nefastos i alhora incitar els d\u00e9us bons a qu\u00e8 es manifestin propicis amb el malalt”, exposa.<\/p>\n

\"\"Orient proper ocupa la seva reflexi\u00f3 a “Las plantas medicinales de Mesopotamia”, una cultura que apreciava molt la m\u00e0gia, l’endevinaci\u00f3 i l’astrologia. “Si b\u00e9 \u00e9s cert que a les terres regades pel Tigris i l’Eufrates els coneixements m\u00e8dics no van estar tan desenvolupats com a Egipte, i que la disciplina m\u00e8dica no va gaudir de l’elevada categoria que va tenir al pa\u00eds dels faraons, l’exist\u00e8ncia d’una s\u00e8rie de textos ‘m\u00e8dics’ que abasten m\u00e9s de quinze segles prova l’inter\u00e8s de la gent mesopot\u00e0mica per buscar els remeis a tots aquells mals que els afligien a la seva vida di\u00e0ria, a Mesopot\u00e0mia es coneixien les virtuts de les plantes i s’utilitzaven en algunes ocasions”, argumenta.<\/p>\n

D’altra banda, “Las plantas medicinales en Persia”, l’acad\u00e8mic certifica que l’antiga medicina iraniana, la seva pr\u00e0ctica i el seu estudi t\u00e9 una hist\u00f2ria llarga i prol\u00edfica influ\u00efda per diferents tradicions m\u00e8diques que van venir de Gr\u00e8cia, Egipte, \u00cdndia i Xina durant m\u00e9s de 4.000 anys. “La medicina persa es va consolidar per formar un nucli de coneixements que va permetre establir les bases de la medicina a Europa al segle XIII, escoles iranianes com l’Acad\u00e8mia de Gundeshapur<\/strong>, on s’impartia medicina, filosofia, teologia i ci\u00e8ncies, va ser un terreny f\u00e8rtil per als cient\u00edfics de diferents civilitzacions”, considera.<\/p>\n

A “Confucio y las plantas medicinales en China”, l’expert explica que el m\u00e8tode de la medicina tradicional xinesa \u00e9s hol\u00edstic: no es poden comprendre les parts si no \u00e9s en relaci\u00f3 amb la totalitat. “La medicina xinesa est\u00e0 \u00edntimament lligada a la seva bell\u00edssima filosofia. Confuci<\/strong> estimulava l’home a aconseguir la m\u00e0xima saviesa no en benefici propi, sin\u00f3 de la col\u00b7lectivitat que es refor\u00e7a m\u00e9s amb la doctrina de Motsen<\/strong> que predica l’amor universal. A la cultura xinesa li devem el descobriment del ruibarbre, que el feien servir per corregir el restrenyiment i l’opi amb qu\u00e8 alleujaven els dolors. La gran aportaci\u00f3 a la medicina va ser l’acupuntura”, assenyala.<\/p>\n

Finalment, a “Las plantas medicinales de Jap\u00f3n”, l’acad\u00e8mic argumenta que medicina arcaica japonesa es basava en el sobrenatural i les malalties eren degudes a mals esperits. “Les primeres plantes medicinals del Jap\u00f3 van ser estudiades al segle VIII per un bonzo xin\u00e8s, Kam-Jin<\/strong>, emigrat al Jap\u00f3, i que va ser el metge de l’emperador. L’emperadriu Komyo<\/strong>, coneguda per la seva caritat cap als pobres, la seva pietat cap als malalts i la seva for\u00e7a de voluntat en el poder que ella va exercir, va fer establir una llista de medicaments destinats als malalts, document enrotllat en una pe\u00e7a de fusta. Aquesta llista compr\u00e8n 60 medicaments, dels quals la meitat s\u00f3n d’origen vegetal. Es tractava de plantes farmacol\u00f2gicament actives i que permetien una ocupaci\u00f3 terap\u00e8utica bastant estesa”, conclou.<\/p>\n

Llegiu “Las plantas medicinales en el Antiguo Egipto”<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/a>
\nLlegiu “Plantas medicinales en la medicina hebrea”<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/span>
\nLlegiu “Las plantas medicinales de la India”<\/a><\/span><\/span>
\nLlegiu “Las plantas medicinales de Mesopotamia”<\/a><\/span><\/span>
\nLlegiu “Las plantas medicinales en Persia”<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nLlegiu “Confucio y las plantas medicinales en China”<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/span>
\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong>Llegiu “Las plantas medicinales de Jap\u00f3n”<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Joaqu\u00edn Callabed presenta a la comunitat acad\u00e8mica una s\u00e8rie de reflexions sobre la hist\u00f2ria i la import\u00e0ncia de les plantes medicinals des de les albors de la humanitat en diverses civilitzacions<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":140113,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[455,442,242,213],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-140249","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ciencies-de-la-salut","category-ciencies-farmaceutiques-ciencies-de-la-salut","category-categ-historia","category-medicina-i-cirurgia","et-has-post-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"yoast_head":"\nLa medicina tradicional al llarg de segles i civilitzacions - Reial Acad\u00e8mia Europea de Doctors<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Joaqu\u00edn Callabed presenta a la comunitat acad\u00e8mica una s\u00e8rie de reflexions sobre la hist\u00f2ria i la import\u00e0ncia de les plantes medicinals\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/raed.academy\/ca\/la-medicina-tradicional-al-llarg-de-segles-i-civilitzacions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La medicina tradicional al llarg de segles i civilitzacions - 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