{"id":134522,"date":"2023-06-23T09:08:42","date_gmt":"2023-06-23T09:08:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/raed.academy\/?p=134522"},"modified":"2023-06-26T10:17:52","modified_gmt":"2023-06-26T10:17:52","slug":"armes-quimiques-a-la-guerra-ducraina","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/raed.academy\/ca\/armes-quimiques-a-la-guerra-ducraina\/","title":{"rendered":"Armes qu\u00edmiques a la guerra d’Ucra\u00efna?"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

\"Francisco

Dr. Francisco L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz<\/p><\/div>\n

Francisco L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz<\/strong><\/em><\/a>, professor de Farmacologia i vicerector de Recerca, Ci\u00e8ncia i Doctorat de la Universitat Camilo Jos\u00e9 Cela<\/strong>, membre fundador del Comit\u00e8 d’Observaci\u00f3<\/strong> de l’Observatori de Drets Humans d’Espanya<\/strong>, acad\u00e8mic corresponent de la Reial Acad\u00e8mia de Medicina del Pa\u00eds Basc<\/strong>, membre de l’Acad\u00e8mia de les Ci\u00e8ncies i les Arts Militars<\/strong> i acad\u00e8mic de n\u00famero de la Reial Acad\u00e8mia Europea de Doctors-Barcelona 1914<\/strong> (RAED), ha publicat l’article “Ataques qu\u00edmicos en la guerra de Ucrania: \u00bfAmenaza improbable o evidencia factible?”<\/strong>, on aborda l’evoluci\u00f3 hist\u00f2rica de les armes qu\u00edmiques i el desenvolupament dels programes d’agents neurot\u00f2xics per part de l’extinta Uni\u00f3 Sovi\u00e8tica, descriu les caracter\u00edstiques i els efectes t\u00f2xics de l’\u00faltima generaci\u00f3 d’aquests agents neurot\u00f2xics, els “novitxoks”, i el seu \u00fas com a eines de terrorisme d’estat per part de R\u00fassia.<\/p>\n

“L’\u00fas de subst\u00e0ncies qu\u00edmiques com a eina b\u00e8l\u00b7lica enfonsa les seves arrels als primers conflictes armats de qu\u00e8 es t\u00e9 const\u00e0ncia al llarg de la hist\u00f2ria de la humanitat. Nom\u00e9s cal recordar, per exemple, la contaminaci\u00f3, per part dels ex\u00e8rcits cartaginesos, dels magatzems de vi amb arrel de mandr\u00e0gora, els alcaloides actius dels quals (atropina, escopolamina, etc.) ocasionaven la sedaci\u00f3 dels seus enemics, per\u00f2 el gran desenvolupament d’aquesta modalitat b\u00e8l\u00b7lica t\u00e9 l’origen en l’auge de la ind\u00fastria qu\u00edmica durant el segle XIX, fonamentalment a l’\u00e0rea d’influ\u00e8ncia d’Alemanya, que va permetre la producci\u00f3 a gran escala de compostos t\u00f2xics que van ser emprats com a armes de destrucci\u00f3 massiva durant la Primera Guerra Mundial per tots dos b\u00e0ndols enfrontats, tot i que l’\u00fas de gasos asfixiants i deleteris estava prohibit per la Confer\u00e8ncia Internacional de Pau de l’Haia<\/strong> del 1899 i la posterior Convenci\u00f3 de l’Haia<\/strong> del 1907″, inicia l’expert la seva argumentaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n

L’acad\u00e8mic considera que si b\u00e9 \u00e9s altament improbable l’\u00fas d’aquest tipus d’armes a la guerra convencional que R\u00fassia va iniciar a Ucra\u00efna, si \u00e9s possible utilitzar-lo en atacs terroristes de falsa bandera. L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz<\/strong> ressenya l’\u00fas d’armes qu\u00edmiques en conflictes armats, des de la Primera Guerra Mundial fins a l’actualitat, i assegura que malgrat els esfor\u00e7os internacionals per prohibir-ne l’\u00fas, aquestes armes continuen sent una amena\u00e7a real. En concret, esmenta la manca de control sobre les reserves d’armes qu\u00edmiques de R\u00fassia i la possibilitat del seu \u00fas en aquesta guerra, encara que no hi ha proves confirmades fins ara. L’expert recorda que tant Ucra\u00efna com R\u00fassia s\u00f3n signataris de la Convenci\u00f3 sobre Armes Qu\u00edmiques<\/strong> i violar-la tindria, almenys sobre el paper, greus conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies. Tot i aix\u00f2, destaca l’amena\u00e7a real d’atacs terroristes que podrien desestabilitzar la regi\u00f3 i causar p\u00e0nic tenint en compte la disponibilitat d’agents “novitxok” a R\u00fassia, cosa que representa una amena\u00e7a potencial per a la seguretat internacional. L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz<\/strong> destaca l’esfor\u00e7 internacional per prevenir l’\u00fas d’aquest tipus d’armes que lidera l’Organitzaci\u00f3 per a la Prohibici\u00f3 de les Armes Qu\u00edmiques<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\"\"“A manera de colof\u00f3, podem concloure que la proliferaci\u00f3 de les armes de destrucci\u00f3 massiva, en general, i les armes qu\u00edmiques, en particular, aix\u00ed com els seus vectors de llan\u00e7ament (principalment m\u00edssils i drons), representen una seriosa amena\u00e7a per a la pau i seguretat internacional i, en el cas de la guerra d’Ucra\u00efna, afecten directament la seguretat de la Uni\u00f3 Europea. Adicionalment, els ‘novitxoks’ disponibles per R\u00fassia representen avui un motiu d’enorme preocupaci\u00f3 en el camp de les armes qu\u00edmiques, i n’hi ha moltes incerteses que encara han d’aclarir-se. Globalment, es fa dif\u00edcil calcular el resultat d’un hipot\u00e8tic \u00fas d’aquestes armes en aquest conflicte b\u00e8l\u00b7lic, b\u00e9 per actors estatals o pel seu desviament, de manera intencionada o no, a intervinents no estatals”, conclou l’autor.<\/p>\n

Reconegut divulgador de la hist\u00f2ria contempor\u00e0nia, la literatura espanyola dels Segles d’Or i la medicina i farmacologia, L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz<\/strong> \u00e9s doctor en Medicina i Cirurgia i doctor en Llengua i Literatura Espanyoles, especialista en Medicina Farmac\u00e8utica i diplomat en Estudis sobre l’Holocaust per l’Escola Internacional per als Estudis de l’Holocaust<\/strong> de Yad Vashem, a Jerusalem. \u00c9s investigador de l’Institut de Recerca Hospital 12 d’Octubre<\/strong> de Madrid i membre de prestigioses acad\u00e8miques cient\u00edfiques internacionals. Ha participat en nombroses investigacions i \u00e9s autor de monografies i articles a les seves \u00e0rees de recerca.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Francisco L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz ha publicat l’article “Atacs qu\u00edmics a la guerra d’Ucra\u00efna: amena\u00e7a improbable o evid\u00e8ncia factible?”, en qu\u00e8 aborda l’evoluci\u00f3 hist\u00f2rica de les armes qu\u00edmiques<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":134406,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[350,380,242],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-134522","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ciencies-politiques","category-conflictes-bellics","category-categ-historia","et-has-post-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"yoast_head":"\nArmes qu\u00edmiques a la guerra d'Ucra\u00efna? - Reial Acad\u00e8mia Europea de Doctors<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Francisco L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz ha publicat l'article "Atacs qu\u00edmics a la guerra d'Ucra\u00efna: amena\u00e7a improbable o evid\u00e8ncia factible?"\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/raed.academy\/ca\/armes-quimiques-a-la-guerra-ducraina\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Armes qu\u00edmiques a la guerra d'Ucra\u00efna? 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