{"id":132683,"date":"2023-05-05T10:07:23","date_gmt":"2023-05-05T10:07:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/raed.academy\/?p=132683"},"modified":"2023-05-07T16:58:08","modified_gmt":"2023-05-07T16:58:08","slug":"la-necessitat-de-posar-fre-a-lescalfament-de-la-mediterrania","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/raed.academy\/ca\/la-necessitat-de-posar-fre-a-lescalfament-de-la-mediterrania\/","title":{"rendered":"La necessitat de posar fre a l’escalfament de la Mediterr\u00e0nia"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Miquel

Miquel Ventura<\/p><\/div>\n

Miquel Ventura<\/strong>, director de projectes de la Fundaci\u00f3 Pro Reial Acad\u00e8mia Europea de Doctors<\/strong>, destaca com els darrers informes d’activitat del projecte Silmar<\/strong><\/a>, corresponents a les observacions realitzades i dades recollides al llarg de l’any 2022, posen en evid\u00e8ncia el gradual increment de temperatura de l’aigua del mar a les costes mediterr\u00e0nies i com aix\u00f2 impacta de manera clara i alarmant sobre la biodiversitat litoral. El projecte es desenvolupa a les dues estacions d’observaci\u00f3 i protecci\u00f3 de la biodiversitat marina que Silmar t\u00e9 instal\u00b7lades al litoral catal\u00e0, una a Barcelona i l’altra a Castell-Platja d’Aro-Baix Empord\u00e0-Girona<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"\"Les dades de l’estaci\u00f3 de Castell-Platja d’Aro<\/strong><\/a> aporten en aquest sentit una contundent evid\u00e8ncia: la temperatura de l’aigua marina va assolir els 24\u00baC a 27 metres de profunditat al mes d’agost, quan els registres hist\u00f2rics mostren que, a aquesta profunditat, les aig\u00fces del Mediterrani occidental han oscil\u00b7lant entre els 14\u00baC i els 16\u00baC, la qual cosa comporta una notable influ\u00e8ncia sobre els par\u00e0metres f\u00edsics i mediambientals de l’entorn mar\u00ed, amb conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies significatives per als seus ecosistemes. Com recull el mateix informe, la Fundaci\u00f3 Centre d’Estudis Ambientals de la Mediterr\u00e0nia<\/strong> ha determinat, a partir de les dades cient\u00edfiques recollides en els darrers 35 anys, que la Mediterr\u00e0nia s’ha convertit en un dels mars m\u00e9s afectats per l’escalfament global i les alteracions per a la biodiversitat que aix\u00f2 comporta. En concret, entre el 1982 i el 2016 la temperatura a la Mediterr\u00e0nia va pujar una mitjana d’1,27 graus, superant els dos graus en algunes zones, segons dades de l’Oficina Nacional d’Administraci\u00f3 Oce\u00e0nica i Atmosf\u00e8rica dels Estats Units<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

L’afectaci\u00f3 sobre el medi d’aquest increment significatiu de temperatura s’ha fet notar en les observacions sobre l’estat de la fauna i flora aut\u00f2ctones. A l’estaci\u00f3 Castell-Platja d\u2019Aro<\/strong><\/a> destaca, en aquest sentit la regressi\u00f3 d’esp\u00e8cies adaptades a temperatures inferiors, com ara el cargol ratllat \u201cBivetiella cancellata\u201d o la coneguda posid\u00f2nia. Per la seva banda, a l’estaci\u00f3 de la Mar Bella<\/strong><\/a> de Barcelona ja s’han detectat vuit esp\u00e8cies invasores des de l’inici de les observacions fa una d\u00e8cada, dues en aquest darrer informe: tres algues i cinc invertebrats. Aquestes \u00faltimes s\u00f3n l’alga verda “Codium fragile”, importada del Pac\u00edfic a la Mediterr\u00e0nia a trav\u00e9s del comer\u00e7 d’altres i detectada a Espanya l’any 1966, i l’esponja de l’esp\u00e8cie “Paraleucilla magna”, molt afavorida per l’increment de la temperatura de l’aigua marina.<\/p>\n

\"\"Aquestes esp\u00e8cies, com s’ha demostrat en nombrosos casos, solen despla\u00e7ar les esp\u00e8cies aut\u00f2ctones fins a fer-les desapar\u00e8ixer. L’informe d’aquesta estaci\u00f3 assenyala sense embuts que assistim a una “tropicalitzaci\u00f3 de l’entorn i a una transformaci\u00f3 radical de l’ecosistema mar\u00ed litoral de la ciutat de Barcelona i de la regi\u00f3”. “La pres\u00e8ncia d’esp\u00e8cies marines foranes alteren, en major o menor grau, l’equilibri de l’ecosistema que han colonitzat derivat de la seva capacitat de desenvolupar el seu cicle biol\u00f2gic afavorit per les noves condicions ambientals de l’escalfament de l’aigua, la contaminaci\u00f3 i la p\u00e8rdua de competitivitat de les esp\u00e8cies aut\u00f2ctones.<\/p>\n

Aquestes condicions ambientals canviants, sumat a la regressi\u00f3 de les esp\u00e8cies aut\u00f2ctones, indueix que les esp\u00e8cies importades tinguin un comportament invasor, transformant a poc a poc l’h\u00e0bitat mar\u00ed original i establint-se com a esp\u00e8cies dominants, aix\u00f2 ja est\u00e0 passant al Mediterrani oriental, on el 60% de les esp\u00e8cies s\u00f3n foranes, per altra banda, la pres\u00e8ncia d’algunes esp\u00e8cies protegides ens permet donar valor estrat\u00e8gic i ecol\u00f2gic d’aquestes zones marines i motius per promoure mesures de protecci\u00f3 d’aquests h\u00e0bitats on les administracions p\u00fabliques tenen les compet\u00e8ncies i l’obligaci\u00f3 d’actuar per protegir-les”, assenyala l’informe.<\/p>\n

Aquests dos darrers informes Silmar<\/strong><\/a> citen un article publicat recentment a la revista “Global Change Biology”<\/strong> en qu\u00e8 es mostra que les poblacions d’unes 50 esp\u00e8cies (incloent corals, esponges i macroalgues) s’han vist afectades per l’increment de la temperatura marina al llarg de milers de quil\u00f2metres de costes mediterr\u00e0nies, des del mar d’Alboran fins a les costes mediterr\u00e0nies d’orient. “Els impactes de les mortalitats es van observar entre la superf\u00edcie i els 45 metres de profunditat, on les onades de calor marines registrades van ser excepcionals, afectant m\u00e9s del 90% de la Mediterr\u00e0nia i aconseguint temperatures de m\u00e9s de 26\u00baC en algunes \u00e0rees. Els esdeveniments de mortalitat massiva a la Mediterr\u00e0nia s\u00f3n equivalents als de blanquejament observats tamb\u00e9 de forma recurrent en la gran barrera de corall, la qual cosa suggereix que aquests episodis ja s\u00f3n la norma m\u00e9s que l’excepci\u00f3. \u00c9s imperatiu reduir dr\u00e0sticament les emissions de gasos amb efecte d’hivernacle a un 45% per al 2030, com recomana el Grup Intergovernamental d’Experts sobre el Canvi Clim\u00e0tic<\/strong>“, explica Ventura<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Informe Silmar.doc 2022 de l’Estaci\u00f3 Silmar del Castell-Platja d’Aro<\/a><\/h2>\n

Informe Silmar.doc 2022 de l’Estaci\u00f3 Silmar de la Mar Bella<\/a><\/h2>\n

P\u00e0gina del projecte Silmar<\/a><\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Els darrers informes Silmar.doc alerten d’un increment en la temperatura de l’aigua del mar, amb registres mai assolits<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":132591,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[332,307,416,368,310,366],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-132683","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biologia-ca","category-biologia-marina-ca","category-canvi-climatic","category-fundacio-raed","category-medi-ambient","category-noticies-projecte-silmar","et-has-post-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"yoast_head":"\nLa necessitat de posar fre a l'escalfament de la Mediterr\u00e0nia - Reial Acad\u00e8mia Europea de Doctors<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Els darrers informes Silmar.doc alerten d'un increment en la temperatura de l'aigua del mar, amb registres mai assolits\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/raed.academy\/ca\/la-necessitat-de-posar-fre-a-lescalfament-de-la-mediterrania\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La necessitat de posar fre a l'escalfament de la Mediterr\u00e0nia - 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