{"id":105167,"date":"2021-08-06T08:27:48","date_gmt":"2021-08-06T08:27:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/raed.academy\/?p=105167"},"modified":"2021-08-07T11:23:36","modified_gmt":"2021-08-07T11:23:36","slug":"com-el-gas-del-riure-va-esdevenir-lanestesia-que-va-revolucionar-la-cirurgia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/raed.academy\/ca\/com-el-gas-del-riure-va-esdevenir-lanestesia-que-va-revolucionar-la-cirurgia\/","title":{"rendered":"Com el “gas del riure” va esdevenir l’anest\u00e8sia que va revolucionar la cirurgia"},"content":{"rendered":"

Francisco L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz<\/em><\/strong><\/a>
\nProfessor de Farmacologia, vice-rector de Recerca i Ci\u00e8ncia i director de l’Escola Internacional de Doctorat de la Universitat Camilo Jos\u00e9 Cela. Acad\u00e8mic de n\u00famero de la Reial Acad\u00e8mia Europea de Doctors-Barcelona 1914 (RAED)<\/em><\/p>\n

Article publicat al portal especialitzat The Conversation i en el diari “El Correo” el 6 i el 7 de juliol del 2021<\/em><\/p>\n

Francisco L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz<\/em><\/strong><\/a>, professor de Farmacologia de la Universitat Camilo Jos\u00e9 Cela<\/strong> i acad\u00e8mic de n\u00famero de la Reial Acad\u00e8mia Europea de Doctors-Barcelona 1914<\/strong> (RAED), recorda el gran aven\u00e7 m\u00e8dic que va suposar el descobriment del primer gas anest\u00e8sic al segle XVIII, que arribaria a la medicina gr\u00e0cies a l’\u00fas que li van donar els dentistes, a l’article “La curiosa historia del descubrimiento de la anestesia gaseosa: de las ferias ambulantes a los\u00a0quir\u00f3fanos”<\/strong>, publicat al portal especialitzat The Conversation<\/strong> i al diari “El Correo”<\/strong> els passats 6 i 7 de juliol, respectivament.<\/p>\n

Descobert el 1775 pel qu\u00edmic angl\u00e8s Joseph Priestley<\/strong> en tractar en calent llimadures de ferro amb \u00e0cid n\u00edtric, l’\u00f2xid nitr\u00f3s o aire nitr\u00f3s flogisticat va esdevenir ja el 1775 el primer anest\u00e8sic gas\u00f3s de la hist\u00f2ria. Tot i que va ser el tamb\u00e9 brit\u00e0nic Humphry Davy<\/strong>, considerat el fundador de l’electroqu\u00edmica, qui va desenvolupar les seves propietats anest\u00e8siques anys m\u00e9s tard. En un llibre publicat el 1800 va especular amb la possibilitat que el nou gas pogu\u00e9s tenir una important utilitat en cirurgia, donada la seva capacitat analg\u00e8sica. I un ajudant i alumne de Davy, Michael Faraday<\/strong>, va estudiar les propietats de l’\u00e8ter i va advertir que la seva capacitat per induir un estat d’insensibilitat let\u00e0rgica molt semblant a la de l’\u00f2xid nitr\u00f3s.<\/p>\n

\"\"Aix\u00ed i tot, l’acad\u00e8mic explica com ambdues subst\u00e0ncies van acabar obtenint un gran \u00e8xit per a l’\u00fas recreatiu abans d’estendre’s el seu \u00fas terap\u00e8utic. De fet, l’\u00f2xid nitr\u00f3s, per la seva capacitat euforitzant, va aconseguir una enorme popularitat com “gas del riure” en reunions de l’alta societat i, posteriorment, als espectacles de circ. Per la seva banda, l’\u00e8ter va esdevenir una beguda euforitzant, compet\u00e8ncia directa de les begudes alcoh\u00f2liques i dispensada tamb\u00e9 en tavernes, arribant a ocasionar en alguns pa\u00efsos, com ara Irlanda, una aut\u00e8ntica epid\u00e8mia d'”eteromania”.<\/p>\n

“La recuperaci\u00f3 per a la ci\u00e8ncia m\u00e8dica de les propietats anest\u00e8siques del prot\u00f2xid d’azot i de l’\u00e8ter es deu a dos dentistes nord-americans, Horace Wells<\/strong> i William T.G. Morton<\/strong>. Com va succeir amb altres grans aportacions a la hist\u00f2ria de la medicina, en aquesta hist\u00f2ria, plena de controv\u00e8rsies, va intervenir la serend\u00edpia de manera crucial. El 1844, exercint a la localitat de Hartford, Wells va acudir a una representaci\u00f3 del fam\u00f3s Circ Barnum<\/strong>. Aquest oferia, entre altres atraccions, una sessi\u00f3 de gas hilarant dirigida per un farmac\u00e8utic ambulant anomenat Gardner Q. Colton<\/strong>. L’atzar va voler que un ve\u00ed del poble, Samuel Cooley<\/strong>, pat\u00eds una aparatosa ferida durant la sessi\u00f3, sense mostrar cap mena de dolor mentre duraven els efectes del gas. Wells r\u00e0pidament va veure la possible utilitat d’aquesta subst\u00e0ncia a l’exercici de la seva professi\u00f3 i va sol\u00b7licitar a Colton<\/strong> que acud\u00eds a la seva consulta per aplicar-li el gas a ell mateix i deixar-se extreure una pe\u00e7a dent\u00e0ria”, detalla L\u00f3pez Mu\u00f1oz<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Va ser John C. Warren<\/strong>, cirurgi\u00e0 de l’Hospital General de Massachusetts<\/strong>, a Boston, qui va fer servir per primera vegada aquest tipus d’anest\u00e8sia en una operaci\u00f3 quir\u00fargica el 1846. Un pacient amb un tumor cervical va romandre inconscient i imm\u00f2bil durant tota la intervenci\u00f3 de Warren. I nom\u00e9s un any despr\u00e9s, el qu\u00edmic angl\u00e8s David Waldie<\/strong> va suggerir al ginec\u00f2leg James I. Simpson<\/strong>, conegut com “El Parter d’Edimburg”, la possible utilitat del cloroform, pr\u00e8viament assajada en animals de laboratori, com a anest\u00e8sic general.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Llegiu l’article a The Conversation<\/a><\/h2>\n

Llegiu l’article a “El Correo”<\/a><\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L’\u00f2xid nitr\u00f3s o aire nitr\u00f3s flogisticado, o “gas del riure” es va convertir ja en 1775 en el primer anest\u00e8sic gas\u00f3s de la hist\u00f2ria, arribant a la medicina gr\u00e0cies a l’\u00fas que li van donar els dentistes<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":105220,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[213],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-105167","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medicina-i-cirurgia","et-has-post-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"yoast_head":"\nCom el "gas del riure" va esdevenir l'anest\u00e8sia que va revolucionar la cirurgia - Reial Acad\u00e8mia Europea de Doctors<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L'\u00f2xid nitr\u00f3s o "gas del riure" es va convertir en 1775 en 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